Summary Animal Studies Of Attachment (Mindmap AQA)
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Course
Attachment
Institution
AQA
This document is a mind map that summarises the Animal Studies relating to attachment. I was an A-Level psychology student between and I achieved a grade A. During my time as a student I have made a lot of these mind maps. The mind map goes over the A01 (Knowledge) points as well as the A03 (Evalu...
Harlow’s
Lorenz’s Research
Research
Imprinting: When youngsters
follow and form an attachment
Aim: To examine thethe
investigate extent to whichof
mechanisms contact
imprinting
with the first moving object
comfort and food influences attachment
Participants: Greylag that
goose eggsthey meet!
behaviour in baby Rhesus monkeys.
Procedure:
Participants: 16 baby Rhesus monkeys
Attachment:
Goose Aninto
eggs spilt emotional tie or
2 groups
Procedure:
bond between two people.
Control group where eggs were
2naturally
types of surrogate mothers were used
Thehatched by
relationship mother and saw
is reciprocal
A harshthe wiremother
motherfirst
and a soft
(shared) which means it two-way
Experimental towelling
group mother
where eggsover
were
relationship that endures
4 baby
hatched Rhesus
in an monkey’s
incubator and for Lorenz
saw 4
time.
conditions
first
4 Theconditions:
behaviourWireof mother
Goslingsproducing
in both
milk and towelling
groups was mother producing no
recorded
milk/Wire mother producing no milk
Findings: and a towelling mother producing
milk/wire mother producing
Naturally, hatched eggs follow their
Animal Studies of milk/towelling mother producing milk
mother
Attachment Amount of time spent with each mother
Incubated gosling would follow Lorenz
and feeding was recorded
(Lorenz + Harlow) They would follow Lorenz and show no
Monkeys were frightened with loud
bond with their natural mother
noise to test for mother preference
The bonds were irreversible
during stress
Imprinting occurred between the critical
Findings: period of 4 and 25 hours after hatching
Monkeys preferred contact with
towelling mother regardless of whether
Conclusion: If imprinting doesn’t occur within the
she produced milk
critical period (4-25 hours) of hatching, then
When frightened with loud noise the
attachment wouldn’t form!
monkeys would go to the towelling
mother
Conclusion: These monkeys have an innate need
Evaluation
for contact comfort Point
which(Lorenz):
suggests attachment is
more about emotional security than food
P: Since Lorenz’s study consists of non-human animals,
“greylag goslings”, we cannot generalise the results to
humans as we cannot be sure we would behave in the
Evaluation Point (Harlow):
same way
P: A key thing to consider about animal research is the ethical
E: Attachment formation in mammals in different to bird
implications of experiments on animals
species. In mammals mothers can form an attachment
E: Harlow’swith offspring
research beyond
caused theiremotional
lasting few hoursharm
of birth
as the
infant monkeys found it hard to form relationships with their
E: So whilst some of Lorenz’s findings have influenced
peers
our understanding of attachment and development
E: However, some psychologists argue that animal research can
L: Caution must be applied when drawing wider
be justified when it effects our knowledge on attachment and
conclusions about these results
the development of better care for our human infants
L: This suggests that the benefits (better understanding)
outweigh the costs (ethical implications)
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