My graduation thesis for the Bachelor's Health Sciences, to Mental Health at Maastricht University. I chose the transgender individuals as my target group and examined how minority stressors and resilience are related to the mental health of this group of people. The thesis is a systematic review t...
Characteristics of Included Reviews.....................................................................................14
Results of the Literature Review............................................................................................15
General Overview of Transgender Mental Health.............................................................16
Minority Stress Processes in Relation to Transgender Mental Health..............................18
Resilience-Promoting Factors in Relation to Transgender Mental Health........................21
Associations between Minority Stress, Resilience, and the Mental Health of Transgender
Individuals: A Systematic Review of Reviews on Socially Produced Mental Health
Disparities
In many societies, sex and gender are often converged and perceived as binary with
the two sole categories being male and female (Matsuno & Budge, 2017). The gender binary
system assumes that one’s sex assigned at birth, which is thought to be either male or female,
determines the traits and identity of this individual to be either masculine or feminine,
respectively (Hyde et al., 2019). Despite this being the sociocultural context, sex and gender
are distinct concepts. Sex refers to an individual’s biological status as being either male or
female, whereas gender refers to the attitudes, feelings, and behaviours associated with those
sex categories based on sociocultural stereotypes and norms (Winter et al., 2016).
Furthermore, neither sex nor gender is in fact binary. The process of sex determination is
more complex than initially thought, with research showing that more factors than only the
sex chromosomes X and Y play a role in the development of the biological sex (Ainsworth,
2015). Therefore, sex traits of humans spread across a spectrum of what is thought to
represent typical males and typical females. For instance, disorders of sex development, or
intersex, is a condition involving an atypical development of the chromosomal, gonadal, or
anatomical sex (Hughes, 2008). While this condition is rare, it is one of the various examples
indicating that there is not necessarily a sharp division into two sexes at the level of sexual
morphology. As some individuals do not identify themselves as being either exclusively
woman or man, also known as non-binary, it is clear that also gender is not a binary construct.
Non-binary individuals may identify as being both man and woman, in between the two
traditional gender categories, or neither man nor woman (Richards et al., 2016).
Except for intersex individuals, newborn babies are usually classified as either male or
female on the basis of their external genitalia. Assuming that the newborn babies’ gender is
evident based on their sex, their binary identity assignment determines both how the
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