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OCR A Biology H420 - 2.1.5 - Biological Membranes (Chapter 5) Short Summary Notes
Respiration notes or OCR biology A level
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Biology A
Unit 1
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Q: What term describes an alternative version of Q: Your biceps and triceps muscles can be Q: Which term describes a pair of synapsed
a gene? described as being Antagonistic. What does this (joined) homologous chromosomes during
mean? prophase and metaphase of meiosis 1?
A: Allele
A: Working against each other in a pair. A: Bivalent
Q: What is the name of the statistical test that Q: Which term describes a characteristic where Q: In voluntary muscle, the joining of a myosin
can be carried out on data that are in categories both alleles contribute to the phenotype? head group to an actin thin filament in the
and enables the investigator to determine how presence of calcium ions forms what?
closely an observed set of data corresponds to A: Codominant
the expected data. A: Cross-bridge
A: Chi-squared (χ 2) test
Q: During which stage of meiosis does crossing Q: Which word describes having two sets of Q: Also called qualitative variation. What name
over occur? chromosomes (eukaryotic cell or organism). is given to the genetic variation where there are
Denoted by 2n. distinct phenotypic categories? Usually
A: prophase I controlled by one gene.
A: Diploid
A: Discontinuous variation
Q: What is meant by the term ‘Dominant Q: What is the location of the Kreb’s Cycle? Q: Which word describes the interaction of
Allele’? genes concerned with the expression of one
A: Mitochondrial Matrix characteristic? One gene may mask the
A: Characteristic in which the allele expression of another gene.
responsible is expressed in the phenotype
even in those with heterozygous genotypes. A: Epistasis
Q: What is the process of gradual change in the Q: Define the word ‘Fertilisation’? Q: Which part of the nervous system in animals
inherited traits passed from one generation to the is responsible for the ‘Fight or Flight Response?
next within a population? It results in the A: The fusion of male and female gamete
formation of new species. nuclei. A: The sympathetic nervous system
A: Evolution
Q: What name is given to specialised sex cells? Q: Define the term ‘Gene’? Q: What name is given to the total genetic
In many organisms they are haploid and are information possessed by the reproductive
produced by meiosis. A: A length of DNA that codes for one (or members within a population of organisms?
more) polypeptides/proteins.
A: Gametes A: Gene pool
Q: What is the Hardy–Weinberg equation? Q: Which word describes the alleles present Q: What name is given to Eukaryotic cells or
within cells of an individual, for a particular organisms having only one set of chromosomes?
A: p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 trait/characteristic? Denoted by n.
(or p + q = 1)
A: Genotype A: Haploid
Q: What name is given to the genes that control Q: What word describes genes for different Q: Which word describes a specific position on
the development of the body plan of an characteristics that are present at different loci a chromosome, occupied by a specific gene?
organism? on the same chromosome?
A: Locus
A: Homeobox (Hox) genes A: Linkage
Q: What term describes a member of a Q: What is the name of the type of nuclear Q: Which word describes a characteristic coded
homologous pair of chromosomes that originally division where the chromosome number is for by one gene?
came from the female gamete? halved? It involves two divisions and produces
cells that are genetically different from each A: Monogenic
A: Maternal chromosome other and from the parent cell.
A: Meiosis
Q: What is the name of the area of the cerebral Q: Which word describes a structural change to Q: What is the name of protein that forms the
cortex within which the neurones are responsible genetic material – either to a gene or to a thick filament in muscle cells? This protein has
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