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Study notes for EC104: colonisation (topic 6)

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Seminar and lecture notes from EC104 topic 6: colonisation

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  • August 25, 2021
  • 4
  • 2019/2020
  • Class notes
  • Claudia rei
  • Topic 6
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Colonisation

The 2nd wave of European colonisation

● Europe controlled 84% of the Earth by 1914
● 1st wave of colonisation started in the 15th century
○ 19th century - some colonies gained independence (Spanish colonies)
or greater autonomy (Canada)
○ Australia became a neo-Europe

European expansion in Asia

India
● First conquered / ruled by the East India Company
● 1857-59: Indian rebellion and liquidation of the EIC
○ Becomes a British colony
● 1909: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar are under direct British rule

Dutch East Indies
● 18th c: VOC (private monopolistic company) controls Jakarta and part of Java
○ Dissolved in 1800 and the Dutch state took over
● 1825-30: Java War and progressive conquest in the 19th c

French Indochina
● 1858-62: Cochinchina campaign
○ Military operations against Vietnam, leading to the foundation of
Cochinchina
● 1863: French protectorate on Cambodia
● 1887: creation of the Union of Indochina (Vietnam and Cambodia)
○ Laos was added in 1893

The scramble for Africa
● Pre 19th c, Europe was on the African coast
○ Started to go inland at the start of the century
○ Conquest escalated in the 1870s
● 1884-5: Berlin Conference formalises the colonisation of Africa
● 1913: Africa is completely colonised (not Liberia or Ethiopia)

Motives for colonisation
● Humanitarian / religious
○ End the slave trade
○ Protect religious missions (became active in the 19th c)
● Political / military
● Economic

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