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Consciousness - Summary All Sheets
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An overview of all information from the sheets of Consciousness box.
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Geel = definitieLegenda:
Rood = belangrijk
Dit is een overzicht van alle hoorcolleges van Consciousness, het bevat alle info van de sheets
en is bedoeld als hulpmiddel bij het leren of het creeeren van overzicht in dit geweldige vak ;)
succes!
, Berkeley: Only sensations exist (only mind)
Identity (brain = mind)
Materialism: Only matter exist (no mind)
Functionalism (brain states = mental states)
Epiphenomenalism: Body/Matter -> Mind
Philosophical approaches
Panpsychism: overlapt elkaar
Avoid problems by ignoring/ denying question
of how mind and brain are related No-one wants to be dualist scientifically,
Dualism (descartes) Mind -> Body/Matter
but personally we all are -> but see: Hume, Buddha
Background and history Ryle: a category mistake? Mind as process
Introspection Mind -> Body
Psychophysics Body -> Mind
Behaviorism No mind, just body
Psychological approaches
Cognitive revolution only mind
Cognitive neuroscience, embodied cognition, functionalism
mental states identified by their functional role, not their phenomenal
(implicit) functionalism
quality; allows attributing states to computers, robots, animals
Mary, the color scientist (a thought experiment)
Qualia must exist, Physicalism must be false
Wow, THIS is how red is like?!
Frank Jackson: 'Epiphenomenal Qualia' (1982 Epiphenomenalism? Dualism?
Studies the world through B/W screen in B/W room
What happens if she leaves this room?
Physical/physiological description is complete
Yes, I knew red would be like this!
Materialism + functionalism
Qualia en Subjectivity Sure, why not? consciousness is an unimportant extra? = epiphenomenalism
Imagine a perfect zombie copy of yourself but..
Hoorcollege 1: The Problem Are zombies possible? Todd Moody: 'Conversations with zombies' (1994) no trace of consciousness
So no creature lik you could exist without C
no 'it is like being me', no qualia Never, this is impossible to imagine
why not?
David Chalmers
1. Hard problem cannot be solved
Is this a hard problem?
2. Try solving (dualism; quantum physics)
Responses:
3. Tackle easy problems
4. No hard problem (Churchland; Dennett)
Sensation - Recognition - Response Selection - Response Execution
-> Stimulus Preprocessing (Sensation) -> Response Execution ------> Stimulus Discrimination + Response Selection
The Main Problem
The place of C in human performance - Donders 1868
What does consciousness do for us? Subliminal Priming: Primes that cannot be seen facilitate word processing
Unconscious Processing? (Tony Marcel)
.......
Milner & Goodale (1995)
Perception vs Action
.....
Causal (dualist) Theories
Representational Theories
Types of theoretical accounts
Functionalism
Global Workspace Theory
, Gaze of eyes = covertly
Attention and the timing
of perceived events 'Realized' C/ Experienced C:Realized in the Thalumus = 500ms later
Stimulation of the cortex & Thalamus
Time C represents = 400ms
Point of having C experience lags behind 500 ms
Experienced time point corresponds to external event
Back-referral (antedating) hypothesis:
C takes transmission time into account
-> suggests that attention is not directed by/following C experience
Fast Forward sweep (unconscious): can produce priming, action
Why 'reaching C' takes so long - Lamme (2003)
Recurrent processing, creates conscious experience
Daniel Dennett: may so-called Materialists subscribe to the
Cartesian theatre: makes them Cartesian Materialists
- (Central) Location where C happens
- C as container
- Time at which C happens
How we see colours Where do you think you consciousle 'see' this red spot?
Conscious Spotlight
The Cartesian Theatre
Baars' Global Workspace Theory
Accessibility = Subjectivity; Phenomenal representation?
Libet: Neuronal adequacy Temporal Treshold, see later
Crick: Consciousness = acitivity of neural assemblies
Non-theatre theories
Multiple parallel processes that are selectively 'probed'
Dennet: Multiple drafts
meerdere 'ballonnetjes' maar 1 is bewust
naar stipje kijken en T's volgen
We attend and integrate very selectively
wat is rich are potential perception,
The Grand Illusion Rich phenomenal experience is to some degree illusion
not actually processed information
Supports ecological approaches, world as representation and memory prediction = truth?
Perception is not for having internal image of the world World serves as its own memory
Perception - integration of sensori-motor contingencies = action control
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