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Unit 21 Nutrition in health and social care
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40135191 Kofoworola AbdullahiP1. Explain concepts associated with nutritional health.
FOOD: Food is considered a nutritious substance that
humans,animals and plants eat or drink in order to grow
and maintain the sense of living.
Food mostly contains all the nutrients a body organism
needs to sustain growth to produce energy .
The risk of not eating can lead to fatigue ,gastrointestinal
distress ,nutrient deficiencies and slow metabolism .
DIET : Diet is the pattern or sort of food a person or animal eats
but not necessarily healthy.
A diet does not have to necessarily be one that leads to
weight loss but just be healthy to the body .
A person’s diet means all they eat including snacks,drinks.
Also, a good diet plan could be vegetables,fruits. Limited
saturated and trans fat also limited added sugar could be
considered a good diet.
NUTRIENT: Nutrient is a particular chemical substance of food that
makes you grow , provides energy, repairs cells and
tissues in the body and importantly allows normal
functioning of the body ,nutrients are vital in the body and
no organism can do without them . Nutrient provides
nourishment essential for growth and good maintenance of
life.
Nutrients include ;Vitamins,Carbohydrates,protein,water
are all nutrients .
OBESE: Obese can be used to describe a person who is
overweight with a lot of body fats. Obesity can be caused
by eating too much unhealthy food and also by being
inactive and not moving physically at all then the body
stores the fat.
If an individual consumes a high amount of energy mostly
fat or sugars but they do not burn the energy by engaging
in physical activities most of the surplus energy will be
stored in the body as fat. An average man needs 2,500
calories to maintain a healthy weight, and a woman needs
2,000 to maintain a healthy weight.
For a doctor to determine if a person is considered obesity
is by checking if the BMI is 30 or higher.Number that is
higher than 30 increases your health risk and exposes you
to health conditions like Heart diseases, stroke and
abnormal cholesterol levels.
OVERWEIGHT : Overweight can be defined as having a body mass index
greater than or equal to 25 . Being overweight puts an
, 40135191 Kofoworola Abdullahi
individual at high risk of arthritis, type 2 diabetes and high
blood pressure.
A BMI of 25-29.9 is considered overweight.
MALNOURISHED : Malnourished can be defined as any condition in which a
human being does not get enough of a balanced diet or
enough nutrients to make their body function properly .
This could also mean a person suffering from malnutrition.
A person that is malnourished is likely to suffer from heart
diseases or eye problems.
UNDERNOURISHED : Undernourished is the lack of an individual not having
sufficient calories or nutrients from their diet or food, or
their inability to digest some vital nutrients due to some
medical conditions .
Undernourished person suffers weight loss,develops
vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
DEFICIENCY : This is the absence of a particular nutrient in that body ,
this may be due to lack of nutrient in the person's diet or a
medical condition that prevents nutrients being absorbed
from the diet .
2.Explain what BMI is and how it’s calculated:
Body Mass index abbreviated as BMI is a measure that uses your body height and weight to
know if you are healthy or not , either underweight or overweight and know the necessary
health steps to take to be healthy .
A BMI calculation divides weight in kilograms by height in metres squares .
What are the BMI values for:
Underweight :Below 18.5 Is considered underweight
Normal weight :18,5 and 24.9 you’re in the healthy weight range .
Overweight:25 and 29.9 you’re in the overweight range .
Obese :Between 30 and 39.9 you’re in the obese range .
A BMI takes into account different height and body sizes , this gives a healthy weight range
for a particular height .ethnicity,age also matters
3:Explain how height /weight charts are used to monitor a child’s weight .
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