Exam (elaborations)
Introduction to Sociology
- Course
- Institution
Most of the terms were found in a pdf textbook
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
brieanna_lisondra
Content preview
Chapter 1-3 Sociology ReviewTerms
- Sociology: The study of human social life, groups, origins, and relationships in society. It
examines how memberships in a group shapes our experiences of the world
- Examine actions and responses to detect general patterns of human behaviour
- Culture: group shared practices, values, beliefs, norms, and artifacts
- Society: group of people, whose members interact and reside in a definable area and
share a culture
- Reification: which abstract concepts, complex processes or mutable solation relation
come to be thought as things. For example: When people say “Society” cause an
individual to do something
- Sociological perspective: Studying groups without bias or opinion to allow us to see how
society is (society and individuals are inseparable)
- Critical sociology: uses rigorous scientific analysis as a basis to change society (conlfict
theory)
- Social facts: serve one or more functions within a society (laws, customs, morality,
money)
- Anomie: lack of norms that give clear direction and purpose to individuals actions -
rioting, protesting
- Social solidarity: social ties that binda group together
- Interpretive sociology: explains human behaviour in terms of the meanings individuals
attribute to it - discover their beliefs, values, because individual act on their own
understanding of situations (led to ethnography, etc)
- Social actions: actions to which individuals attach subjective meaning
- Positivist sociology: Focuses on generating types of knowledge useful for controlling
social life (positivism - relies on translating human phenomena into quantifiable units of
measurement)
- Function: biological and social needs of individuals, who make up society
- Social group: provides 1st experiences of socializations
,- Moral development: refers to the way people learn what society is considered to be
“good” and “bad”
- Gender schema: images of gender differences that enable them to make decisions about
appropriate styles of play and behaviour
- Causation: correlation between ind/dep variables, indep variable must be prior to dep,no
confounding variable
- Casual observation: observations without any systematic process for observing, assessing
accuracy of what we observed
- Selective observation: only see patterns we want to see or assume the only patterns we
experience
- Ethnography: extended observation of the social perspectives and cultural values of an
entire social setting
Chapter 1: Introduction to Sociology
● Explain how major societal changes in Europe shaped the development of Sociology
as a scientific discipline
- Can be traced to 17/16 century and became popular in the 18th to 19th century
- Ancient Greeks provided foundations of sociology through distinction they drew between
nature and law/customs
- Socretes/Platos/Aristotle: believed that the idea form of human community comes from
ethical dilemmas of difference between human nature and norms
- The development of science provided more knowledge for sociology to move beyond
earlier morals, philosophical beliefs, etc on human conditions
- Social changes in europe: political changes, technology development, social order that
defined modern society
- Disenchantment of the world: god/spirits defined the natural and social word as a
chanceless, cyclical creation
- Age of Enlightenment:intellectual movement that challenged existing ideas regarding the
power, authority, and government role of the church
- Rationalism: a concept created by Plato stating that laws that governed the truth of
reasons and ideas
, - Empiricism: concept created by Aristotle stated that knowledge must be acquired through
observation and experience
- Scientific revolution and the introduction to the scientific method: Strong emphasis on
positivism as way to study the natural world and social phenomena by applying scientific
methods (Auguste Comte)
● Distinguish between micro-, macro-, and global-level sociology
- Micro: focuses on the ways people interact face to face or in small groups (small scale)
- Question: How do group members allocate tasks?
- Approach: Symbolic interaction
- Macro: Deals with institutions, class dynamic, gender/race relations
- Question: how has the decline of unions shape the employment race?
- Approaches: functionalism, conflict theory, and feminist theory
- Global level: Global issues and social processes associate with these issues
- Question: roles of the world in alleviating gender bias based on violence in developing
countries
● Explain the tenets of the sociological imagination
- Was created by C.Wright Mills
- Approach on exploring social structure in which phenomena is embedded
- Being an objective observer who is able to move away from personal value, judgments,
and biases
- Persons trouble of milieu - public issues of social structure
- Looking at society in a new way, linking your personal issues to the great society
- Example: private issues like being depressed or overweight can be purely personal in
nature
● Discuss the bidirectional relationship between social structure and the individual
- Cultural patterns and social forces put pressure on people to select one choice over
another
- Social structures: when general patterns persist through time and become habitual or
routinized at micro levels or institutionalized at macro/global of interactions
- social structures organizes individuals of a society
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller brieanna_lisondra. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75632 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now