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Summary CLEAN WATER ACT.docx EVSP411 Clean Water Act: Sections 402, 403, and 405 American Public University EVSP411 Environmental Policy, Regulation, and Law Clean Water Act: Sections 402, 403, and 405 The Clean Water Act (CWA) was established in order to

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CLEAN WATER ACT.docx EVSP411 Clean Water Act: Sections 402, 403, and 405 American Public University EVSP411 Environmental Policy, Regulation, and Law Clean Water Act: Sections 402, 403, and 405 The Clean Water Act (CWA) was established in order to regulate the amount of pollution dispersed ...

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EVSP411
Clean Water Act: Sections 402, 403, and 405

American Public University

EVSP411 Environmental Policy, Regulation, and Law

Clean Water Act: Sections 402, 403, and 405

The Clean Water Act (CWA) was established in order to regulate the amount of pollution

dispersed into America’s waterways. The protection and control of ensuring a livable standard on

water quality is employed through programs instituted from the legislation. The act has a long

history of amendments and revisions, even dating back to its origination from the Federal Water

Pollution Control Act. These changes and add-ons are necessary given the broad aquatic field to

it is intending to cover. The CWA has many branches within itself to help specify the rules

and limitations in various environmental situations.

Section 402’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) elaborates on

the act’s permitting system. The CWA defines its jurisdiction to “navigable waters”, such as the

likes of oceans, rivers, and lakes (US Army Corps, n.d.). Therefore, pollution through

agricultural runoff is not regulated by the act. Section 402’s subsection (l) notes that agricultural

return flows are not required to have a permit (EPA, 2017). There are however, other regulations

that touch base on what the CWA fails to cover. In regards to the runoff pollution, the 2018

Farm Bill was enacted to strengthen the utilization of environmentally safer agricultural

practices (Earthjustice, 2019). The Safe Water Drinking Act has also established its own

programs to protect groundwater that isn’t regulated under the CWA umbrella (EPA, n.d.).

Section 403’s Ocean Discharge Criteria sorts through the permitting guidelines for the

effects of the disposed pollutants on territorial sea, contiguous waters, and the ocean (EPA,

2019). A suitable partner to this instruction is the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries

Act or Ocean Dumping Act. The Ocean Dumping Act restrains transport of material on oceanic

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Summary CLEAN WATER ACT.docx EVSP411 Clean Water Act: Sections 402, 403, and 405 American Public University EVSP411 Environmental Policy, Regulation, and Law Clean Water Act: Sections 402, 403, and 405 The Clean Water Act (CWA) was established in order to

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