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B&C1 Functional Units1.1Functional units
What are the two - staining techniques
views of a Through st we can see the neurons, it colors the individual neurons
neuron?
-Golgi nerve net theory: all is connected through fibers
(developed the first staining technique)
-Caljal’s neuron theory: not all is connected
What are Neurons are the basis of info processing
neurons? • A behavior or cognitive function cannot be assigned to a single neuron or a single neuron type (neuron
type isn’t depression correlated)
• Neural networks are groups of neurons that work together to produce a function
• Most of our neurons are with us for life, but their connectivity with other neurons changes as a function
of experience
What is the
structure and
function of
neurons?
-dendrites: the antennae of the neuron, info is being picked up
-cell body: is part of the cell where decision is being taken: decision is binary so yes or no
-axon hillock is where the action occurs.
What are the three
functions or
classes of
neurons?
Somatosensory cell bodies are in the spinal cord (direct contact environment)
Interneurons is connecting environment to motor
Motor neurons control muscles from spinal cord axon is leaving which activates our muscles
,What is excitation -sending neurons either excite or ihibit other neurons
and inhibition? -receiving neurons sum the excitatory and the inhibitory input
-Robots mimic neural systems
Crickits and robots:
-two engines, sensory connected to two engines, when the left microphone receives large sound input, the drive
to the right motor will be larger, which will turn the motor to the male criket.
Also criket would be wise to not make those sounds in the dark bc of danger. So if it is dark (photoreceptors) are
not activated, so only motor behaviour. But light = photoreceptor cells active and inhibit the motor neurons and
so they will not be turning
What are glial -Glial cells are the nervous systems support cells (50% neurons, 50% glial)
cells? -Glial cells provide support, neutrients and protection to the neurons
-there are five major types of glia, each with its won characteristic structure and function
,What are -they provide structural support and nutrients
astrocytes? -they contribute to the blood-brain barrier: Astrocytes help by tigheting the junctions so large molecules cannot
enter> positive= protecting from danger, negative= hard to get medicine in especially antibiotics
-they trigger the blood vessels to dilate allowing greater oxygen- and glucose carrying blood flow. If neurons
need nutrients or ocxygen>astrocytes can help
-they contribute to the healing of damaged brain tissue by forming a scar
What are -they originate in the blood as an offshoot of the immune system
microglia? -they identify and attack foreign tissue (phagocytosis: eating up dead tissue)
-they also provide growth factors that aid in repair
What are glial -glial cells play a central role in some diseases such as MS
cells in regard -glial cells aid in peripheral nervous system repair such as after a cut of the axons
with disease and -no regrowth and repair in the CNS (break spinal cord is break)
neuron repair?
, What is the
internal structure
of a cell?
Cell Membrane: regulates what comes in and out, envelops the cell body and dendrites and spines and axons.
Special proteins can be used to transport substances.
Nuclear membrane: surrounds the cells nucleus
Nuclues: blueprint genetic of proteins > copy is being send to the endoplasmic reticulum (workfloor) here
proteins are collected> send to the golgi bodies (mail center) proteins are being wrapped and shipped> than
tubules (little brother= micrtofilaments).
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