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Summary Lewenswetenskappe graad 11 vraestel 1
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LewenswetenskappeFotosintese
•Grondstowwe benodig vir fotosintese:
•CO₂ vanuit die atmosfeer
•H₂O vanuit die grond
•Stralingsenergie vanaf die son
•Chlorofil in die chloroplaste
Produkte van fotosintese:
• Glukose, stysel van plant
•O₂, vrygestel in die atmosfeer
•Fotosintese vergelyking:
𝑐ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑙
6𝐶𝑂2 + 6𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑒 → 𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6 (𝑔𝑙𝑢𝑘𝑜𝑠𝑒) + 6𝑂2
𝑐ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑙
6𝐶𝑂2 + 6𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑒 → 𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6 (𝑔𝑙𝑢𝑘𝑜𝑠𝑒) + 6𝑂2
Waar fotosintese plaasvind:
• Chloroplaste
Proses van fotosinese:
• Ligfase: ligafhanklik
• Donkerfase: ligonhafhanklik
Ligfase:
• Vind in die grana van chloroplaste plaas
• Stralingsenergie word in tilakoiedes absorber en omgeskakel na chemise
energie
• Chemise energie word vir fotolise en die vorming van ATP gebruik
,• Fotolise: 2𝐻2 𝑂(𝑙) → 2𝐻2 (𝑙) + 𝑂2 (𝑔)
ATP en ADP:
• ATP; adenosientrifosfaat
• Molekule bestaan uit n Adensosien-molekule en 3 Fosfate
• As energie deur selle benodig word verander ATP na ADP
• ADP; adenosiendifosfaat
• Molekule bstaan uit n Adensosien-molekule en 2 Fosfate
• Vergelyking; ATP in ligfase word gevorm en eergie word vrygestel vir
donkerfase
Donkerfase: (Calvinsiklus)
• Vind in die stroma van chloroplaste plaas
• H-atome, CO₂ en ATP word absorbeer om glucose vry te stel
, Praktiese fotosintese ondersoeke:
(bl2.4)
(bl2.6)
Selrespirasie
Selrespirasie:
Die afbreek van organiese verbindings met die geleidelike vrystelling van
energie wat in ATP-molekules gebreg word.
2 Soorte selrespirasie:
Aerobies: Anaerobies
gebruik O₂ : gebruik
nie O₂ nie
Redes vir energieverbruik in organisms:
• Groei
• Selverdeling
• Spysvertering
• Beweging
• Vervoer van stowwe in die liggaam
Wet van behoud van energie:
Energie kan nie geskep of vernietig word nie, maar slegs van vorm verander
Reaktanse en produkte van selrespirasie:
𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑒
𝐺𝑙𝑢𝑘𝑜𝑠𝑒 + 𝑂2 → 𝐶𝑂2 + 𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝐴𝑇𝑃
Waar selrespirasie plaasvind:
Aerobiese respirasie:
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