High-yield A+ Pharmacology notes on the fundamentals of Pharmacodynamics including: commonly tested definitions, types of cell receptors, drug interactions, agonist vs antagonists and much more!
An aesthetic, simplified, high-yield compilation of Pharmacology notes packed with mnemonics and summ...
• Definition
• Types of Cell Receptors
• Terms related to cell-receptor
interactions
• Agonists vs Anatagonists
• Selectivity
,Pharmacodynamics: Definition
Pharmacodynamics:The effect of the drug on the body.
“Pharmacodynamics is a branch of pharmacology
concerned with understanding the pharmacological
effect of drugs on the body and their mechanism of
action through cell-receptor binding which influences
biochemical and physiological changes .”
Basically:
What does the drug do? Pharmacological effect on the body.
How does it do that? By binding to cell receptors
What action happens after? (mechanism of action).
Biochemical and physiological changes
, Pharmacodynamics: Types of Cell Receptors
What are cell receptors?
Receptors are proteins that sit on a cell membrane.
Ligands are molecules that bind to the receptor:
Endogenous/ Naturally occurring: Hormones, Neurotransmitters
Exogenous: Drugs
Types of receptors: PETS
• Plasma protein receptors
• Enzyme receptors
• Transport-carrier receptors
• Specific receptors
• Storage receptor
,Pharmacodynamics
Types of Receptors
Specific Receptors When a specific receptor is stimulated it produces a specific pharmacologic
effect eg. When the neurotransmitter noradrenaline stimulates B1 adrener
receptors in the heart, the heart contractility ↑.
Storage Receptors Neurotransmitters are stored in storage receptors which are found in nerve
endings.
Eg. Adrenaline binds to the storage receptors of NA in terminal synapses, th
releasing noradrenaline from storage.
Enzyme Receptors Located on enzymes in the cell membrane thus acts as both a receptor an
enzyme. When stimulated it increases enzymatic activity in the cell. When
drugs bind to enzyme receptors, it inhibits the enzyme action eg. NSAID’s b
COX enzymes.
Transport-Carriers Located on carriers and carry certain drugs across the cell membrane.
Plasma-Protein Receptors Located on plasma proteins.
Most drugs bind to plasma proteins to some extent.
,Pharmacodynamics: Types of Cell Receptors
, Pharmacodynamics: Terms related to cell-receptor bindin
Affinity
The selective power of attraction between the drug
molecule and the receptor. “The tightness” between a drug
and receptor. Affinity is therefore a prerequisite for drug-
receptor interaction.
Effect
An observable result due to change in biological processes
brought about by a drug-receptor interaction
Intrinsic Activity
Is the ability of a drug to activate a specific receptor.
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