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NUR 631 Topic 10 Discussion Question 1 & 2
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NUR 631 Topic 10 Discussion Question 1 & 2/NUR 631 Topic 10 Discussion Question 1 & 2/NUR 631 Topic 10 Discussion Question 1 & 2
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Topic 10 DQ 1Answer both of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. 1.Explain the differences between irritable bowel syndrome and irritable bowel disease. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits that affects about 10% of individuals throughout the world and is more common in women, with a higher prevalence in youth and middle age populations (McCance & Huether, 2015). Although the etiology of IBS remains largely undetermined, our understanding of the potential mechanisms involved in gut dysfunction, visceral sensation and symptom generation is rapidly advancing. Growing evidence suggests in IBS, the epithelial barrier, gut microbiota, food antigens and bile acids elicit abnormal responses in the key regulators of sensorimotor functions (Enck, et al., 2016). These regulators including the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis, the immune system, the brain–gut axis and the enteric nervous system. In addition to these putative biomarkers, psychological factors such as depression and anxiety, which are known to respond to abdominal symptoms, and psychosocial factors, such as stress, that influence physiological intestinal functions, such as motility and visceral sensitivity.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disorder with an unknown etiology. IBD is composed of two different disease entities: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (McCance & Huether, 2015). Clinically, CD and UC share similar symptoms, including diarrhea, hematochezia, and abdominal pain, whereas the location and depth of inflammation, as well as complications and prevalence can differ. IBD has been thought to be idiopathic but has two main attributable causes that include genetic and environmental factors (Kim & Cheon, 2017). The gastrointestinal tract in which this disease occurs is central to the immune system, and the innate and the adaptive immune systems are balanced in complex interactions with intestinal microbes under homeostatic conditions. The inner cell lining of the intestine works not only as a barrier to protect the host from harmful pathogens but also as a place where interactions with commensal microorganisms occur. These interactions are delicately modulated by the intestinal immune system and contribute to immune homeostasis. For various reasons, idiopathic intestinal inflammations such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can occur when this homeostasis is disrupted.
References
Enck, P., Aziz, Q., Barbara, G., Farmer, A., Fukudo, S., Mayer, E., Niesler, B., Quigley, E., Rajilić-Stojanović, M., Schemann, M., Schwille-Kiuntke, J., Simren, M., Zipfel, S., … Spiller, R.
(2016). Irritable bowel syndrome. Nature reviews. Disease primers , 2, 16014. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.14
Kim, D., & Cheon, J. (2017). Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Recent Advances in Biologic Therapies. Immune network, 17(1), 25-40. This study source was downloaded by 100000831397695 from CourseHero.com on 09-09-2021 13:52:53 GMT -05:00
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