Summary Attic Greek: Tense and Aspect + Indirect Discourse
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Course
Attic Greek Grammar
Institution
University Of Oxford
Book
Introduction to Attic Greek
Notes based on unit 20 of Mastronarde's Introduction to Attic Greek. Colourful notes in a fun font that are perfect for boosting your grades and your understanding of the grammar!
Unit 20: tense and aspect + indorect discourse
September 11, 2021
3
2021/2022
Summary
Subjects
attic
greek
ancient greek
classics
grammar
tense
indirect discourse
indirect speech
aspect
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Tense and Aspect
Time = temporal distinction (when action takes/took place)
Aspect = completion vs. noncompletion, general vs. specific completion
Eg. seek - find
go - arrive
be - become
Each of these are general states of action - one specific + complete action
General state = present stem (I am doing X)
Specific state = aorist stem (I did X)
Present Stem Aspect
Action not yet completed, is in progress, repeated, customary, or a general
truth
• Imperfect = continuous past tense (I was doing X)
• Infinitive = continuous/customary, eg. ‘to be a slave (in general) is
difficult’
• Imperative = action is attempted, repeated etc. eg ‘always worship
the gods’
The present stem is often conative - I tried/am trying to do X
Aorist Stem Aspect
Action that is instantaneous + completed, refers to a simple and unique
occurrence in the past eg. historical fact
• Infinitive = self-complete, unique etc. eg ‘The Athenians resolved to
praise Demosthenes (on one occasion)’
• Imperative = specific, instantaneous etc. eg ‘stone the murderer
(now)’
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