This document has the summary of the eight chapter in the 2020 book "How children develop". The main themes of this chapter are: What is intelligence, measuring intelligence, IQ scores as predictors of important outcomes, genes, environment, and the development of intelligence, alternative perspect...
Psychology: Parental development and the newborn period
Psychology: Biology and behavior
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University Of Oslo
Introduction to developmental psychology
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“How children develop”
Chapter 8 – Intelligence and academic achievement
Alfred Binet and his colleague Théophile Simon developed the first widely used
intelligence test. Its purpose was to identify children who were unlikely to benefit from
standard instruction in the classroom. Modern intelligence tests are descendants of the
Binet–Simon test.
One of Binet’s key insights was that intelligence includes diverse high-level capabilities
that need to be assessed in order to measure intelligence accurately.
What is intelligence?
Summary:
Intelligence can be viewed as a single trait, such as g; as a few
separate abilities, such as Thurstone’s primary mental abilities; or as
a very large number of specific processes, such as those described in
information-processing analyses.
Intelligence is often measured through use of IQ tests, such as the
Stanford–Binet and the WISC. These tests examine general
information, vocabulary, arithmetic, language comprehension,
spatial reasoning, and a variety of other intellectual abilities.
Intelligence as a single trait
Each of us have a certain amount of "g" - general intelligence
Intelligence as a few basic abilities
Fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence
Fluid intelligence
Think on the spot
Adaption to novel tasks
Speed of information processing
Working-memory function
Ability to control attention
Peaks at 20, and declines after
Crystallized
Factual knowledge
Word meanings
State capitals
Answers to arithmetic problems
Increases steadily
Intelligence is composed of seven primary mental abilities
Word fluency
Verbal meaning
Reasoning
Spatial visualization
Numbering
Rote memory
Perceptual speed
The three-stratum theory of intelligence
At the top there is g
In the middle there is fluid and crystallized intelligence and other competencies similar to
the seven primary mental abilities
Measuring intelligence
Summary:
A person’s overall score on an intelligence test, the IQ score, is a measure of
general intelligence. It reflects the individual’s intellectual ability relative to age
peers.
Most children’s IQ scores are quite stable over periods of years, though scores
do vary somewhat over time.
When someone is intelligent, they act in intelligent ways
Intelligence testing is controversial
The contents of intelligence tests
Tests need to be changed according the ages of people that take the test
WISC is used for people over 6
Wechsler intelligence scale for children
Verbal comprehension, visual spatial-processing, working memory, fluid
reasoning and processing speed
The intelligence quotient
A quantitative measure of a child's intelligence relative to that of other children of the
same age
The mean score is 100
Continuity of IQ scores
The IQ scores are pretty similar over age of one person
IQ scores as predictors of important outcomes
Summary:
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