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Thermal Relations and Homeostasis
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Covers how different organisms maintain homeostasis.
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Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of AnimalsLecture 11 Thermal Relations and Homeostasis 1 17/11/20
Homeostasis
- The coordinated physiological processes which maintain constancy of most of the internal
states in animals.
- Animals operate at ambient temperatures and need to maintain an appropriate body
temperature.
Temperature and heat
- Temperature is the intensity of molecular motion- not a form of energy.
- Heat is a form of energy contained in the entire system as a result of the motion of the
molecules.
- Large objects at the same temperature have a greater amount of heat- more molecules.
- Heat moves from a body of high temperature to a body of low temperature.
- If two bodies of different sizes are at the same temperature, there will be no transfer of
heat.
Thermal interactions of an animal within its environment
- Sunbathers simultaneously gain heat through thermal radiation by the sun but lose heat by
the evaporation of sweat, conduction to cooler sand, convection to the cooler air, and
radiation to the environment
- Gains = losses = steady body temperature
Definitions
- Conduction – transfer of heat through a material substance that is macroscopically
motionless.
- Convection – transfer of heat between an object and a fluid or air directly in contact with the
body’s surface that is macroscopically active.
- Radiation – bodies emit EM radiation at infrared wavelengths.
- Evaporation – latent heat of vaporisation removes heat from a body through evaporation of
water from its surface.
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