100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Summary 3.3 Pain elective Problem 2 $4.49   Add to cart

Summary

Summary 3.3 Pain elective Problem 2

 33 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Institution

Summary for problem 2 for elective 3.3 pain

Preview 2 out of 9  pages

  • September 15, 2021
  • 9
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary
avatar-seller
Problem 2 – focus on specific experiment articles and their details

Cognitive and emotional control of pain and its disruption in chronic pain (Bushnell)

- brain areas most commonly activated by noxious stimuli in human brain are: S1, S2,
ACC, insula, PFC, thalamus and cerebellum
o these areas show afferent nociceptive connectivity
- other involved regions:
o nucleus accumbens and amygdala: receive nociceptive input through
spinoparabrachial-amygdala projections
o PAG: receives nociceptive input through spinoreticular pathways
- S1 and S2 encode sensory features, ACC and insula encode emotional and
motivational features




Attention and Emotions
- attention & emotion modulate pain, but their nature and mechanisms are different:
o attending on pain increases perceived intensity

, o negative emotional state increases perceived unpleasantness without altering
intensity
- studies that varied attention while controlling for emotional state found that pain-
evoked activity was modulated by attention in insula and S1
- effects of emotional states are mostly seen in ACC
- separate modulatory systems for attention and emotions:
o fronto-PAG-brainstem (most commonly studied)
 output from forebrain regions (ACC, PFC, amygdala) reach PAG
(suggesting that descending systems could be activated by
psychological factors) and project to brainstem nuclei
o when emotion and attention are dissociated:
 emotion: ACC-fronto-PAG circuit activated
 attention: insula and superior parietal cortex activated

Anticipation of pain relief activated descending pathways
- anticipation of pain relief causes activation in the ACC-fronto-PAG pathway and
activates similar regions that’re activated when a positive emotional state reduces
pain
- placebo treatment alters endogenous opioid activity in this pathway
- descending modulatory pathways involved in placebo analgesia overlap with the
pathways involved in emotional modulation of pain
- but attentional modulation of pain is independent from placebo analgesia

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ebru1365. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $4.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

83637 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$4.49
  • (0)
  Add to cart