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Summary of Chapter 6 Cognitive Psychology, ISBN: 9781473734524 PYC3703 - Cognition: Thinking, Memory And Problem Solving (PYC3703)
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PYC3703 – COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGYCHAPTER 6: LONG-TERM MEMORY: STRUCTURE
Key Term Explanation Pg
Autobiographical Memory for specific experiences from our life, 175
memory which can include both semantic and episodic
components
Classical conditioning Occurs when the following 2 stimuli are paired: 182
A neutral stimulus that initially doesn’t result in a
response
Conditioning stimulus that does result in a response
Coding The form in which stimuli are represented 165
Declarative/Explicit Memories we are aware of and can talk about it (or 178
memories declare)
Episodic memory For specific personal experiences
Hippocampus 169
Implicit memories Occurs when learning from experiences is not 179
accompanied by conscious remembering
Memories that we aren’t aware of
Incidental encoding 181
task
Lexical decision task Participants have to indicate as quickly as possible 180
whether a presented letter string is a word or a non-
word
Long-term memory A system that is responsible for storing information 163
for long periods of time
An “archive”
Mental time travel The experience of travelling back in time to 171
reconnect with events that happened in the past
Personal semantic Facts that are associated with personal experiences 175
memories
Primacy effect More likely to remember words presented at the 165
beginning of a sequence
Priming Occurs when the presentation of 1 stimulus (priming 180
stimulus) changes the way a person responds to
another stimulus (test stimulus)
Procedural/ Skill Memory for doing thing that usually involve learned 178
memory skills
Propaganda effect Participants are more likely to rate statements they 182
have read or heard before as being true, simply
because they have been exposed to them before
Recency effect The better memory for the stimuli presented at the 165
, end of a sequence
Release from Increase in performance 167
proactive interference
Remember/know 176
procedure
Repetition priming Occurs when the test stimulus is the same as, or 180
resembles, the priming stimulus
Semantic memory Memory for facts
Semanticisation of 177
remote memories
Serial position curve 164
Word completion test A test of implicit memory 180
Episodic memory
(personal events)
Explicit
(conscious)
Semantic
memory (facts,
knowledge)
Long-term
memory Procedural
memory
Implicit (not
Priming
conscious)
Classical
conditioning
Comparing Short-Term and Long-Term Memory Processes
LTM is the system that is responsible for storing info for long periods of time
o An archive of sorts
Serial Position Curve:
Indicates that memory is better for words at the beginning of the list and at the
end of the list than for words in the middle
o Primacy and recency effect
Primacy effect
o Possible explanation is that participants had time to rehearse the words
at the beginning and transfer them to LTM
Recency effect
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