This document contains the lecture notes I took during the lecture on muscle tissue during the Cell Biology-Histology course in the first year of Biomedical Sciences at the VU. Other lecture notes and summaries are available on my profile. I finished the Histology exam with a 7.3.
Chapter 4.4 to 4.9, chapter 10.1 to 10.4 and 10.9 to 10.10
- Able to recognize and name different types of muscle tissue
- Able to explain the relation between shape and function for different types of
muscle, and associated connective tissue
- Able to explain how different types of muscle tissue are innervated and contract
- Able to name the characteristics and function of different type of muscle cells
3 types of muscle tissue:
- Skeletal muscle tissue
- Smooth muscle tissue
- Cardiac muscle tissue
Each muscle cell is surrounded by a basal lamina, and against that a thin layer of reticular
connective tissue (collagen type III).
Skeletal muscle tissue:
- Composed of fused cells, these form the muscle fibers: multinuclear, variable in
length, 1-100 micrometer diameter.
- Three types:
o Red muscle: slow, long and deep contraction, myoglobin; back muscle
o White muscle: fast contraction, not able to contract continuously; eye muscle
o Intermediate: characteristic of both; most common
- Epimysium is connective tissue on the outside of the muscle.
- Perimysium connects the bundles to each other of the muscle tissue.
- Endomysium connects the fibers to each other in the muscle tissue: thin layer of
connective tissue and the basal lamina.
- Sarcolemma is the plasma membrane of the muscle cell.
- Sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell.
- Muscle fibers contain myofibrils: consist of thick filaments and thin filaments.
Surrounded by a blue membrane which is called the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
T tubules are in contact with the sarcoplasm: the electric signal goes through the
T tubule to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which causes the myofibril to contract.
Z-line to Z-line in a myofibril is called a sarcomere.
Light zones are called I bands. (only red)
From dark to dark is called the A band. (thick filaments)
The zone where only thick filament is, is called the H zone. (lighter part in the A
band)
The Z line connects to all the thin filaments (actin) and the M line connects all the thick
filaments (myosin).
Contracting unit: sarcomere
- Myosin is made of thick filaments and actin is made of thin filaments.
When the muscle is contracted, the H band disappears, and the A band becomes
completely dark but stays the same length.
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