ATI Pharmacology -SOLVED/ELABORATED Detailed practice Answer Key Updated for 2024ATI Pharmacology -SOLVED/ELABORATED Detailed practice Answer Key Updated for 2024ATI Pharmacology -SOLVED/ELABORATED Detailed practice Answer Key Updated for 2024ATI Pharmacology -SOLVED/ELABORATED Detailed practice An...
1. A nurse is caring for four clients. After administering morning medications, she realizes that the nifedipine
prescribed for one client was inadvertently administered to another client. Which of the following actions should the
nurse take first?
A. Notify the client's provider.
Rationale: The nurse should notify the client's provider to inform her of the event; however, there is another
action the nurse should take first.
B. Check the client's vital signs.
Rationale: The first action the nurse should take using the nursing process is to assess the client. The
nurse should know that the action of nifedipine is to lower blood pressure. Immediately upon
realizing the error, the nurse should check the client's vital signs (especially the client's blood
pressure) to ensure that the client is not hypotensive as a result. Only after ensuring that the
client is safe and has stable vital signs should the nurse take other actions.
C. Fill out an occurrence form.
Rationale: The nurse should fill out an occurrence form to report the event to hospital personnel; however,
there is another action the nurse should take first.
D. Administer the medication to the correct client.
Rationale: The nurse should administer the medication to the correct client to fulfill the provider's
prescription; however, there is another action the nurse should take first.
2. A nurse is reviewing a client's admission record. The nurse notes that there are prescriptions for several
medications. Which of the following factors should the nurse recognize is of primary consideration when
determining the schedule of administration?
A. Institutional policies regarding routine medication administration times
Rationale: The nurse should consider institutional policies regarding routine medication administration
times; however, evidence-based practice indicates that the nurse should base medication
administration times on another consideration.
B. Specific characteristics of the medications
Rationale: Evidence-based practice indicates that the specific characteristics of the medications be the
primary consideration of scheduling administration times. The characteristics of each
medication, including the indication, onset, durations of action, and potential adverse effects and
interactions, primarily determine the schedule of administration. Although an institutional policy
may require that all once daily medications be administered at 0800, the nurse should be aware
that some classifications of medications should only be given at bedtime, or should only be
given with food. Likewise, the client's preferences, as well as the availability of each medication
from the pharmacy, play important but smaller roles in determining the schedule of
administration.
C. Schedule of administration that the client follows at home
Rationale: The nurse should consider the schedule of administration that the client follows at home;
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however, evidence-based practice indicates that the nurse should base medication
administration times on another consideration.
D. Time at which the medication can be available from the pharmacy
Rationale: The nurse should consider the time at which the medication can be available from the
pharmacy; however, evidence-based practice indicates that the nurse should base medication
administration times on another consideration.
3. A clinic nurse is giving instructions to a mother on the proper technique of applying ophthalmic ointment to her
preschool-age child who has conjunctivitis. Which of the following should the nurse include in the instructions?
A. "Warm the ointment by placing the tube in glass of hot tap water."
Rationale: Eye drops that are stored in the refrigerator should come to room temperature before instillation.
The parent should not warm the ointment by placing it in glass of hot water.
B. "Cleanse the eye with a wet cotton ball in a direction towards the inner canthus before applying the ointment."
Rationale: The parent should clean the eye in a direction from the inside canthus outward in order to
prevent contamination of the lacrimal duct or the other eye.
C. "Discard the first bead of ointment before each application."
Rationale: The parent should discard the first bead of ointment from the tube because it is considered
contaminated.
D. "Instruct your child to squeeze his eyes shut following application."
Rationale: Closing the eyes spreads the medication over the eyeball, but squeezing the eyelid shut can
force out some of the medication.
4. A home health nurse is assessing an older adult client who reports falling a couple of times over the past week.
Which of the following findings should the nurse suspect is contributing to the client's falls?
A. The client takes alprazolam.
Rationale: Alprazolam is a CNS depressant that can cause dizziness and orthostatic hypotension, which
can cause the client to lose his balance and fall.
B. The client has a nonslip bath mat in his shower.
Rationale: A nonslip bath mat should reduce the risk for the client to fall.
C. The client uses a raised toilet seat.
Rationale: A raised toilet seat should reduce the risk for the client to fall.
D. The client wears fitted slippers.
Rationale: Fitted and nonslip slippers should reduce the risk for the client to fall.
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5. A nurse is teaching a client who takes warfarin daily. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a
need for further teaching?
A. "I have started taking ginger root to treat my joint stiffness."
Rationale: Ginger root can interfere with the blood clotting effect of warfarin and place the client at risk for
bleeding. This statement indicates the client needs further teaching.
B. "I take this medication at the same time each day."
Rationale: The client should take warfarin at the same time each day to maintain a stable blood level.
C. "I eat a green salad every night with dinner."
Rationale: Green leafy vegetables are a good source of vitamin K, which can interfere with the clotting
effects of warfarin. Clients who are taking warfarin do not need to restrict dietary vitamin K intake
but rather should maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K in order to control the therapeutic
effect of the medication.
D. "I had my INR checked three weeks ago."
Rationale: Clients who have been taking warfarin for more than 3 months should have their INR level
checked every 2 to 4 weeks.
6. A nurse is assessing a client prior to administering a seasonal influenza vaccine. The client says he read about an
influenza vaccine that is given as a nasal spray and wants to receive it. The nurse should recognize that which of
the following findings is a contraindication for the client receiving the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV)?
A. The client's age is 62.
Rationale: Clients must be between the ages of 2 and 49 to receive the LIAV; therefore, it is
contraindicated for this client. Pregnancy and immunocompromised status are also
contraindications.
B. The client smokes one pack of cigarettes a day
Rationale: Cigarette smoking is not a contraindication for receiving the LIAV.
C. The client has a history of myocardial infarction.
Rationale: A history of myocardial infarction is not a contraindication for receiving the LIAV.
D. The client has recently traveled to Europe.
Rationale: Recent travel to Europe is not a contraindication for receiving the LIAV.
7. A nurse is teaching a client about the adverse effects of cisplatin. Which of the following adverse effects should the
nurse include in the teaching?
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A. Tinnitus
Rationale: Tinnitus and hearing loss are adverse effects of cisplatin.
B. Constipation
Rationale: Diarrhea is an adverse effect of cisplatin.
C. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Hypokalemia is an adverse effect of cisplatin.
D. Weight gain
Rationale: Weight gain is an adverse effect of docetaxel due to fluid retention.
8. A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing severe nausea and vomiting after a course of chemotherapy. The
nurse should monitor the client for which of the following clinical manifestations?
A. Metabolic acidosis
Rationale: Hypermetabolism, such as with fever or exercise, can cause metabolic acidosis.
B. Metabolic alkalosis
Rationale: Metabolic alkalosis can occur in clients who have excessive vomiting because of the loss of
hydrochloric acid.
C. Respiratory acidosis
Rationale: Respiratory depression can cause respiratory acidosis.
D. Respiratory alkalosis
Rationale: Hyperventilation can cause respiratory alkalosis.
9. A nurse is assessing a client prior to the administration of morphine. The nurse should recognize that which of the
following assessments is the priority?
A. Pupil reaction
Rationale: The nurse should assess the client's pupils because morphine can cause miosis; however,
another assessment is the priority.
B. Urine output
Rationale: The nurse should assess the client's urine output because morphine can cause urinary
retention; however, another assessment is the priority.
C. Bowel sounds
Rationale:
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