100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Summary Psychopathology Chapter 4 $3.18
Add to cart

Summary

Summary Psychopathology Chapter 4

 247 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Institution

Detailed summary of the 4th chapter.

Preview 3 out of 8  pages

  • No
  • Chapter 4
  • January 20, 2015
  • 8
  • 2014/2015
  • Summary
avatar-seller
Clinical Psychology – Chapter 4 “Treating Psychopathology”

4.1 The nature and Function of treatments for Psychopathology

 Treatments possess characteristics of:
o Relief from the distress cause by symptoms
o Provide the client with self-awareness and insight into the problem
o Enable the client to acquire coping and problem-solving skills to
prevent future problems
o Identify and resolve the causes of the psychopathology
 Drug treatment have a palliative effect: the reduction of the severity of
symptoms and alleviation of distress
o No insight into problems
 Other therapies provide ways of changing behavior but no insight
 Treatment depends on
o The theoretical orientation and training of the therapist
 Therapist must demonstrate continuing professional
development (CPD): regularly updating one’s knowledge
o The nature of psychopathology
 National Institute for health and care excellence
(NICE): an independent UK organization responsible for
providing national evidence-based guidance on promoting
good health and preventing and treating ill health
 Theoretical approaches to treatment
o Psychodynamic approaches
 Reveal unconscious conflicts that developed early in life
 Bring conflict into conscious awareness and develop
strategies for change
 Psychoanalysis (Freud): understand source of conflict
 Free association
 Transference: target for emotional responses, behave
towards therapist as they would behave towards a
person in their life
 Dream analysis
 Interpretation: find conflict
 Multiple sessions per week; takes 3-7 years until
benefits are realized
 But limited effectiveness
o Behavior therapy
 Interventions to change the client’s behavior
 Conditioning – disorders resulting from faulty learning
 Anxiety through classical conditioning
 Behavior acquired through operant conditioning
o Behavior modification/behavior analysis –
unlearn a response
 Therapies based on classical conditioning
 Extinction (unlearning responses)
 Flooding: a form of exposure therapy for the
treatment of phobias and related disorders in which the

, patient is repeatedly exposed to highly distressing
stimuli
 Counterconditioning: a behavior therapy technique
designed to use conditioning techniques to establish a
response that is antagonistic to the psychopathology
 Systematic desensitization: Treatment of phobias an
anxiety disorders during which the client overcomes
their fears through gradual and systematic exposure
 Exposure therapy: treatment in which sufferers are
helped to confront and experience events and stimuli
relevant to their trauma/symptoms
 Reciprocal inhibition: anxiety is eliminated not just
by extinguishing the relationship between the anxiety-
inducting cue and the threatening consequence but
also by attaching a response to the anxiety-inducing
cue which is compatible with anxiety
 Also: addictive disorders, marital conflict, sexual dysfunction
 Aversive therapy: attempts to condition an aversion to a
stimulus or event to which the individual in inappropriately
attracted (addictive behaviors)
 Little evidence that aversive therapy alone has long-
term effects
o Therapies based of operant conditioning
 Used in 3 specific ways
 Understand what rewarding factors might be
maintaining challenging or aggressive behavior
 Use reinforcers to establish new behavior
 Used punishment to eliminate problematic behavior
 Functional analysis: an observational method for
identifying the consistencies between problematic behaviors
and reinforcing consequences
 Token economy
 Response shaping: a reinforcing procedure that is used to
develop new behaviors (like withdrawal)
 Behavioral self-control: the personal use of operant
conditioning principles to change or control one’s own
behavior
 Behavioral self-control scheme to address obesity
 Record time and quantity of food
 Weighing before each meal and before bedtime
 Removal of food from all places in the house (except
kitchen)
 Pairing eating with no other activity
 Setting a weight-loss goal of 1-2 pounds a week
 Slowing down the pace of eating
 Substituting other activities for between-meal eating
 Cognitive therapies

, o Rational emotive therapy (RET): addresses how people construe
themselves, their life and the world (Albert Ellis)
 People carry a set of implicit assumptions determining
perception
 Change a set of core beliefs
o Cognitive therapy: based on the belief that psychological
problems are the products of faulty ways of thinking about the world
 Replacing irrational beliefs
o Beck’s cognitive therapy: an intervention derived from Beck’s
view that depression is maintained by a “negative schema” that
leads depressed individuals to hold negative views about
themselves, their future and the world
 Replace them with more rational schemas
 Objective assessment of beliefs; provide evidence for them –
patients can perceive their existing schemas as biased
o Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT): an intervention for changing
both thoughts and behavior; an umbrella term for many different
therapies that share the common aim of changing both; possesses
characteristics of
 the client keeps a diary of events, moods, thoughts
 the client is urged to identify and challenge irrational
thoughts
 homework in the form of “behavioral experiments” to see
whether thoughts are accurate
 training of new ways of thinking, behaving and reacting in
specific situations
o “Waves” of CBT
 New forms of CBT are known as “waves”
 1st wave: behavioral techniques
 2nd wave: cognitions and emotions
 3rd wave: mindfulness and acceptance
 Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT):
treatments emphasize achieving a mental state characterized
by present-moment focus and non-judgmental awareness
 Improve emotional well-being by increasing awareness
of how automatic cognitive and behavioral reactions to
thought, sensations and emotions cause distress
 Focus on present and accept feelings → deal with life
stressors
 Reduce depression and anxiety by countering
avoidance strategies
 Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT): a “third
wave” CBT intervention that adopts aspects of mindfulness,
but has developed more from Skinnerian approach to
understand behavior
 Teaches patients to notice, accept and embrace
thoughts
 Clarify and act on personal values and increase
psychological flexibility

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller vanessa94. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $3.18. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

50990 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now

Start selling
$3.18
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added