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Samenvatting Gedrag in organisaties
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Samenvatting van het boek Gedrag in Organisaties voor het vak Inzicht in Menselijk Gedrag
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By: ameliebeekhuis • 3 year ago
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Inhoud1. Inleiding op gedrag in organisaties....................................................................................................7
1.1 Gedrag in organisaties: nader bepaald........................................................................................7
Effectieve versus succesvolle activiteiten van de manager............................................................7
1.2 Intuïtieve kennis aanvullen met systematisch onderzoek............................................................7
1.3 Bijdragen van uiteenlopende takken van wetenschap................................................................9
1.3.1 Psychologie...........................................................................................................................9
1.3.2 Sociale Psychologie.............................................................................................................10
1.3.3 Sociologie............................................................................................................................10
1.3.4 Antropologie.......................................................................................................................10
1.4 GiO: weinig absolute uitspraken................................................................................................10
2 Individueel gedrag............................................................................................................................10
2.1 Attitude......................................................................................................................................10
2.1.1 Drie componenten van een attitude...................................................................................11
2.1.2 Attitudes en gedrag.............................................................................................................11
Hoofdstuk 3 Emoties en stemmingen..................................................................................................12
3.2 Wat zijn emoties en stemmingen?.............................................................................................13
3.1.1 Basisemoties.......................................................................................................................13
3.1.3 Basisstemmingen................................................................................................................14
3.1.3 De functie van emoties.......................................................................................................14
3.1.4 Bronnen van emoties en stemmingen................................................................................15
3.2 Emotionele arbeid......................................................................................................................16
3.3 De affectieve-gebeurtenissentheorie.........................................................................................16
3.1 Emotionele intelligentie.............................................................................................................17
3.5 Emotionele zelfregulatie............................................................................................................17
3.6 Toepassing in de organisatiepraktijk..........................................................................................18
3.6.1 Selectieproces.....................................................................................................................19
3.6.2 Besluitvorming....................................................................................................................19
3.6.3 Creativiteit..........................................................................................................................19
3.6.4 Motivatie.............................................................................................................................19
3.6.5 Leiderschap.........................................................................................................................19
3.6.6 Conflicten............................................................................................................................20
3.6.7 Klantenservice.....................................................................................................................20
3.6.8 Werk en privé......................................................................................................................20
3.6.9 Ongewenst gedrag..............................................................................................................20
, 3.6.10 Veiligheid en ongelukken..................................................................................................21
Hoofdstuk 4 Persoonlijkheid en waarden............................................................................................21
4.1 Persoonlijkheid..........................................................................................................................21
4.1.1 Wat is persoonlijkheid?.......................................................................................................21
4.1.2 Waardoor wordt persoonlijkheid bepaald?........................................................................21
4.2 Persoonlijkheidsmodellen..........................................................................................................22
4.2.1 De Myers-Briggs Type Indicator..........................................................................................22
4.2.2 Het Big Five-model..............................................................................................................22
4.2.3 Big Five-kenmerken voorspellen werkgedrag.....................................................................23
4.2.4 Het duistere drietal.............................................................................................................24
4.2.5 Andere persoonlijkheidseigenschappen die GiO beïnvloeden............................................25
4.2.6 Persoonlijkheid en situaties................................................................................................25
4.3 Waarden....................................................................................................................................26
4.3.1 Betekenis en belang van waarden......................................................................................27
4.3.2 Eindwaarden en instrumentele waarden............................................................................27
4.3.3 Zijn waarden veranderlijk?..................................................................................................27
4.4 Culturele waarden.....................................................................................................................27
4.1.1 Wat verstaan we onder cultuur..........................................................................................28
4.4.2 Culturele verschillen tussen landen volgens Hofstede........................................................28
4.5 Toepassing in de organisatiepraktijk..........................................................................................29
4.5.2 Persoon en baan: beroepskeuzeadvisering.........................................................................29
4.5.3 Persoon en organisatie afstemmen....................................................................................30
5 Besluitvorming en perceptie.............................................................................................................31
5.1 Wat is perceptie?.......................................................................................................................31
5.1.1 Factoren die de perceptie beïnvloeden..............................................................................31
5.2 Perceptie van personen: anderen beoordelen...........................................................................32
5.2.1 De attributietheorie............................................................................................................32
5.2.2 Onbewuste beslisregels: snel beoordelen van anderen......................................................32
5.3 Individuele besluitvorming en perceptie...................................................................................33
5.4 Besluitvorming in organisaties...................................................................................................33
5.4.1 Besluitvorming en rationaliteit...........................................................................................34
5.4.2 Veelvoorkomende vertekeningen en fouten bij besluitvorming.........................................35
5.5 individuele verschillen, ethiek en creativiteit.............................................................................36
5.5.1 individuele verschillen........................................................................................................36
5.5.2 Besluitvorming en ethiek....................................................................................................37
5.5.3 Besluitvorming, creativiteit en innovatie............................................................................37
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, 5.6 Toepassing in de organisatiepraktijk..........................................................................................39
5.6.1 De kwaliteit van besluiten over de organisatie...................................................................39
5.6.2 De kwaliteit van besluiten over personen...........................................................................39
5.6.3 Organisatorische maatregelen die rationaliteit beperken..................................................39
6 Diversiteit in organisaties..................................................................................................................40
.........................................................................................................................................................40
6.1 Diversiteit als begrip..................................................................................................................40
.....................................................................................................................................................40
6.1.1 Demografische kenmerken van de beroepsbevolking........................................................40
6.1.2 Verschillende niveaus van diversiteit..................................................................................40
6.2 Discriminatie..............................................................................................................................40
6.2.1 Stereotypedreiging.............................................................................................................41
6.2.2 Discriminatie op de werkplek..............................................................................................41
6.3 Biografische kenmerken............................................................................................................41
.....................................................................................................................................................42
6.3.1 Leeftijd................................................................................................................................42
6.3.2 Gender................................................................................................................................42
6.3.3 Seksuele geaardheid en genderidentiteit...........................................................................43
6.3.4 Anciënniteit.........................................................................................................................43
6.3.5 Godsdienst..........................................................................................................................44
.........................................................................................................................................................44
6.4 Fysieke en intellectuele vermogens...........................................................................................44
6.4.1 Definitie van vermogen.......................................................................................................44
.....................................................................................................................................................45
6.4.2 Functiebeperkingen............................................................................................................45
6.5 Culturele diversiteit...................................................................................................................46
.....................................................................................................................................................46
6.5.1 Wat verstaan we onder cultuur?........................................................................................46
6.5.2 Culturen en subculturen.....................................................................................................47
6.5.3 Culturele verschillen volgens Hofstede...............................................................................47
6.5.4 Culturele identiteit..............................................................................................................47
.....................................................................................................................................................47
6.5.5 Hoe presteren cultuur diverse teams?................................................................................47
6.6 Toepassing in de organisatiepraktijk..........................................................................................48
6.6.1 Werving, selectie en binding...............................................................................................48
6.6.2 Diversiteit in groepen..........................................................................................................48
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, 6.6.3 Effectieve diversiteitsprogramma’s.....................................................................................49
Hoofdstuk 7 Basisbegrippen van motivatie.........................................................................................49
7.1 Het begrip motivatie..................................................................................................................49
7.2 Drie vroege motivatietheorieën.................................................................................................50
7.2.1 Maslows theorie van de behoeftehiërarchie......................................................................50
7.2.2 De tweefactorentheorie......................................................................................................50
7.2.3 De driebehoeftentheorie....................................................................................................51
7.3 De hedendaagse motivatietheorieën.........................................................................................52
7.3.1 De zelfbepalingstheorie......................................................................................................52
7.3.2 De doelstellingstheorie.......................................................................................................52
7.4 Andere hedendaagse motivatietheorieën.................................................................................54
7.4.1 Self-efficacy-theorie............................................................................................................54
7.4.2 De reinforcement-theorie...................................................................................................54
7.4.3 Billijkheidstheorie en organisatierechtvaardigheid.............................................................55
7.4.4 De verwachtingstheorie......................................................................................................56
7.5 betrokkenheid bij het werk........................................................................................................56
7.6 Hedendaags motivatietheorieën integreren..............................................................................57
7.7 Toepassing in de organisatiepraktijk..........................................................................................58
Hoofdstuk 10 Gedrag in groepen.........................................................................................................58
10.1 Groepen definiëren en classificeren........................................................................................58
10.1.1 Groep en groepsidentiteit.................................................................................................58
10.2 Groepsdynamica: fasen van groepsontwikkeling.....................................................................59
10.2.1 Fasenmodellen van groepsontwikkeling...........................................................................59
10.3 Zes algemene groepseigenschappen.......................................................................................60
10.3.1 Groepseigenschap 1: rollen...............................................................................................61
10.3.2 Groepseigenschap 2: normen...........................................................................................61
10.3.3 Groepseigenschap: status.................................................................................................62
10.3.4 Groepseigenschap 4: groepsgrootte.................................................................................63
10.3.5 Groepseigenschap 5: groepscohesie.................................................................................64
10.3.6 Groepseigenschap 6: diversiteit........................................................................................64
10.4 Besluitvorming in groepen.......................................................................................................64
10.4.1 Groep versus individu.......................................................................................................64
10.4.2 Groupthink........................................................................................................................65
10.5 Toepassing in de organisatiepraktijk........................................................................................66
Hoofdstuk 11 Van groepen naar teams...............................................................................................67
11.1 Waarom zijn teams zo populair geworden?............................................................................67
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