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Samenvatting sensorische systemen
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Bondige samenvatting betreffende het hoofdstuk sensorische systemen (zintuigen)
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Biology, Raven - Exam Preparation Test Bank (Downloadable Doc)
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Zintuigen1) Sensorische receptoren
soorten
exteroreceptoren : reageren op externe stimuli zien, horen, proeven, beweging
interoreceptoren : reageren op interne stimuli temperatuur, bloeddruk, pijn
mechanoreceptoren mechanische krachten (bv druk) tast, gehoor, evenwicht
chemoreceptoren chemische deeltjes/ reuk, smaak
veranderingen
energie-detecterende receptoren elektromagnetische + warmte zicht (fotoreceptoren)
energie
mechanisme
1. stimulatie
2. transductie: receptorpotentiaal receptor
3. transmissie: actiepotentiaal neuron
4. interpretatie: in CZS
activatie:
stimulus-afhankelijke ionenkanalen ; EPSP
depolarisatie receptorcel (membraanpotentiaal meer +) = receptorpotentiaal (ook gradueel summatie)
drempelwaarde; actiepotentiaal
spanning-afhankelijke kanalen;
actiepotentiaal naar CZS
mechanoreceptoren
cutane receptoren; reactie tss extern en intern milieu (warmte, pijn, tast, druk) in huid
pijnreceptoren =vrije zenuwuiteinden
thermoreceptoren; ∆ temp
→ koude receptoren: hoger in huid + talrijker
→ warmte receptoren
drukreceptoren; tast
1. Schijfjes van Merkel: trage adaptatie, klein receptief veld
2. Lichaampje van Meissner: snelle adaptatie, klein receptief veld
3. Lichaampje van Ruffini: trage adaptatie, groot receptief veld
4. Lichaampje van Vater Pacini: snelle adaptatie, groot receptief veld
*trage adaptatie: aanhoudende stimulus AP’s vuren
*snelle adaptatie: aanhoudende stimulus stoppen met AP’s vuren
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