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Samenvatting spijsverteringsstelsel
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Bondige samenvatting betreffende het hoofdstuk spijsverteringsstelsel
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Biology, Raven - Exam Preparation Test Bank (Downloadable Doc)
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Spijsverteringsstelsel1) Overzicht variaties in SS
eencelligen: intracellularie vertering
eencelligen + sponzen
endocytose: - pinocytose = vloeistof
- fagocytose = grote deeltjes
meercelligen: extracellularie vertering (binnen holte)
Cnidaria
- onvolledig (anus =mond)
- gastrovasculaire holte + verteringsenzymen (geen specialisatie)
Platwormen
- onvolledig
- vertakte gastrovasculaire holte -
farynx: verteringsenzymen
Nematoden
- volledig (mond ≠ anus)
- eenvoudige, buisvormige darm
complexere diersoorten
- volledig
- gespecialiseerde gebieden voor ≠functies
2) Het menselijke SS
mond en keelholte: opname + afbraak
tong + tanden mechanische afbraak ! vogels: 2 magen; klier -en spiermaag
speeksel:
water, buffer, mucine (slijm), enzymen; amylase + lysozyme
speekselklieren:
sublinguaal (tong), submandibulair (kaak), parotis (oor)
slikreflex: combi huig + epiglottis (strotklep)
tong; huig sluit neusholte; strottenhoofd omhoog; glottis tegen epiglottis = sluit luchtpijp; slokdarm
slokdarm: transport
bolus (=voedselbal) door peristaltiek maag
, maag: mechanische + enzymatische afbraak
cardiale sfincter circulaire spieren soms zure oprispingen
pylorische sfincter
cardia
fundus
pylorus
afbraak tot chymus naar duodenum
klieren: in maagwand
wandcellen: HCl (lage pH): - denaturatie voedselproteïnen AZ
- doodt bacteriën
- soms beschadiging maag (maagzweer)
hoofdcellen: pepsinogeen + prorenine;
in zuur milieu omvorming eiwitten; pepsine + renine
bekercellen:
mucus
gastrine (hormoon hongergevoel)
intrinsieke factor (vit B12)
!! enkel vertering van eiwitten (renine + pepsine); GEEN vetering koolhydraten, vetten
dunne darm: vertering + absorptie
duodenum: vertering
jejenum absorptie
ileum
epitheel (binnenste darmwand); darmplooien > villi > microvilli
- darmopp vergroten
- vertering; productie lactase (villi + microvilli)
geen lactase = lactose-intolerantie
absorptieproces
AZ + monosachariden (suikers) Vetzuren + monoglyceriden (vetten)
actief transport door epitheelcel diffusie door epitheelcel
bloed chylomicrons lymfatisch systeem
via vena porta hepatica lever bloed
*chylomicron = vet omringd door eiwit
* vena porta hepatica = leverpoortader
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