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Samenvatting endocrien stelsel

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Bondige samenvatting betreffende het hoofdstuk endocrien systeem

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  • 44
  • September 22, 2021
  • 5
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary
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Endocrien stelsel
1) Voorwaarden hormoon
 stabiel; weerstand aan afbraak
 complex; transport regulatorische info


2) Overzicht van hormonen
 lipofiele hormonen: vet-oplosbaar (apolair)
 steroïdhormonen (cortisol, testosterone), thyroïdhormonen (thyroxine), retinoïden (vit A)
1. in bloed: transporteiwitten
2. dissociatie thv doelcel
3. passage celmembraan  cytoplasma; proteïne receptor (intracellulair)
4. hormoon-receptor complex  nucleus; hormoon-respons element DNA
5. invloed op transcriptie (mRNA)  regulatie genexpressie


 hydrofiele hormonen: wateroplosbaar (polair)
 peptiden, proteïnen, catecholamines
1. vrij in bloed (polair)
2. binden membraanreceptoren:
- (de)activatie proteïne-kinases (RTKs)
 fosforylatie (ADP+P)  (de)activatie doelproteïnen

of
- activatie G-proteïne gekoppelde receptoren (GPCRs)
 activatie/inhibitie intracellulaire G-proteïne  productie tweede-boodschappers (cAMP, IP3 en Ca2+)
 activatie/inhibitie doelproteïnen (RTKs)



3) Paracriene regulatoren (paracriene regulatie = invloed op nabije cellen)

functie plaats
groeifactoren groei + celdeling - epidermale groeifactor = huid
=proteïnen - zenuwgroeifactor = neuronen
- insuline-achtige groeifactor = been
- cytokinen = immuunsyst

NO vasodilatie endotheel bloedvaten (gladde spiercel)

endotheline vasoconstrictie endotheel bloedvaten

bradykinine vasodilatie endotheel bloedvaten

prostaglandines regulatie spieren, elk orgaan
=vetzuur longen, inflammatie ! inhibitie: nonsteroïde anti-flammatoire
drugs (NSAIDs) vb. ibuprofen en aspirine

, 4) HPA -as (= hypothalamus-hypofyse-bijnier -as)
Hypofyse
 neurohypofyse (posterieur)
 fibreus (vezelig)
 verbonden met hypothalamus Hypothalamus
Neurohypofyse
 neuro-endocriene reflex: secretie neurohormonen in
Adenohypofyse
hypothalamus

 ADH (antidiuretisch hormoon): nierbuisjes
stimuleert waterreabsorptie; inhibeert urine-productie (diurese);
via neg feedback homeostase

 oxytocine: spieren uterus
stimuleert melkejectie + uteruscontractie
regulatie voortplantingsgedrag, knuffelhormoon


 adenohypofyse (anterieur)
 glandulair (klierachtig)
 productie van tropines (= trope hormonen)
 gonadotropines: FSH en LH


peptide hormonen (>40 AZ) proteïne hormonen (200 AZ) glycoproteïne hormonen
¿ en β van 100 AZ)
- adrenocorticotroop hormoon - groeihormoon (GH) - thyroïd stimulerend hormoon
(ACTH) bijnierschors (adrenale cortex) beenderen en spieren (TSH) schildklier

- melanocyt-stimulerend (MSH) - prolactine (PRL) - follikelstimulerend hormoon
huid melkklieren
(FSH)

- luteïniserend hormoon (LH)



 directe effecten: activatie niet-endocriene doelen (spier, been, lever)
 indirecte effecten: activatie endocriene klieren (ovaria, schildklier, bijnier)


GH
 groei spieren + bindweefsel
 productie insuline-achtige groeifactor  celdeling  botverlenging
gigantisme: excessieve secretie GH bij kinderen!
hypofyse dwerggroei: defiënte GH secretie
bij volwassenen: excessieve secretie GH  acromegalie (vervorming been/zachte weefsels)

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