Summary
Samenvatting virussen
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Bondige samenvatting betreffende het hoofdstuk virussen
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Biology, Raven - Exam Preparation Test Bank (Downloadable Doc)
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Virussen= geen cellen, gastheer noodzakelijk voor reproductie, buiten gastheer metabool inert
host range = types van geïnfecteerde organismen
weefseltropisme = types van geïnfecteerde cellen
grootte:
eukaryote cel > bacterie > virus > proteïne
RNA-virus delen in cytoplasma
dient als mRNA (geen transcriptie)
expressie eiwitten: 1) RNA polymerase 2) capsid-eiwitten 3) nieuwe virionen
→ negatieve strand RNA virus = complement mRNA; codeert niet voor eiwit (eerst replicase)
→ positieve strand RNA virus = mRNA; coderende streng voor eiwit
Retrovirus (HIV)
virus-RNA vrij in cytoplasma
enzym reverse transcriptase: RNA ds DNA
ds viraal DNA ingebouwd in gastheer-DNA transcriptie tot mRNA
DNA-virus delen in kern
gastheer-DNA uitgeschakeld transcriptie ds virus-DNA tot mRNA
expressie eiwitten: 1) DNA polymerase 2) capsid-eiwitten 3) nieuwe virionen
bacteriofagen =virussen die bacteria infecteren
→ lytische cyclus; doodt gastheercel virus = virulent (krachtig)
→ lysogene cyclus; integratie in genoom (profaag) gastheercel virus = latent (slapend)
inductie: faag van lysogene lytische cyclus
influenza virus =griepvirus: RNA + enveloppe
≠soorten door ≠eiwit-spikes
hemagglutine (H) helpt virale entry muteren continu
neuraminidase (N) helpt virale exit
voorplanting:
antigene drift: kleine veranderingen; mutaties in HA en NA
antigene shift: (enkel type A)
grote veranderingen; aanmaak nieuwe HA-NA combinaties
door infectie meerdere virussen, genomen gehersorteerd pandemieën
HIV: tast imuuncellen aan + veroorzaakt AIDS =retrovirus!
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