samenvatting blok 9 choices and dilemmas gezondheidswetenschappen eur
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Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam (EUR)
Gezondheidswetenschappen
Blok 9 Choices and Dilemmas (GW309K)
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Week 1 Blok 9: Choices and Dilemma’s.......................................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction of week 1............................................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 lecture: Introduction to the course....................................................................................................................................................2
1.2 lecture Monday: introduction to ethics.............................................................................................................................................2
1.3 tutor groups Monday: Recognizingmoral questions.........................................................................................................................8
1.4 Videos Thursday: Moral questions related to corona.......................................................................................................................8
1.5 Tutor group: Close reading & discussion on sharing the corona burden..........................................................................................8
Literatuur week 1..................................................................................................................................................................................11
Week 2 Blok 9: Choices and Dilemma’s........................................................................................................................................ 11
2.1 lecture: Autonomy, Beneficence & Non-maleficence......................................................................................................................12
2.2 Tutor Group monday: CLose reading & Austronaut case...............................................................................................................19
2.3 Videos: Policy framing and the case of people with ‘disturbed behavior’......................................................................................21
2.4 tutor group Thursday: Discussion the case of ‘disturbed behavior’................................................................................................22
Week 3 Blok 9: Choices and Dilemma’s........................................................................................................................................ 24
introduction of week 3..........................................................................................................................................................................24
3.1 Lecture Monday: justice..................................................................................................................................................................27
3.2 Tutor group Monday: Close reading & case bonus points organ donation....................................................................................33
3.3 lecture thursday: deontology, rights theory & consequentialism...................................................................................................36
3.4 Tutor group thursday: close reading & meeting demand for adoption in Sri Lanka......................................................................46
Week 4 Blok 9: Choices and Dilemma’s........................................................................................................................................ 48
4.1 lecture monday: virtue ethics..........................................................................................................................................................50
4.2 tutor group mondayL the virtuous healthcare manager................................................................................................................52
4.3 lecture thursday: Buniness ethics....................................................................................................................................................53
4.4 tutor group: thursday: role of the healthcare manager.................................................................................................................56
Week 5 Blok 9: Choices and Dilemma’s........................................................................................................................................ 57
Introduction of week 5..........................................................................................................................................................................57
5.1 Lecture Monday: EThics of Care & New Pragmatism.....................................................................................................................57
5.2 Tutor group Monday: close reading; the austronaut case revisited; Ethics of Care management and policy makers..................62
WEEK 1 BLOK 9: CHOICES AND DILEMMA’S
INTRODUCTION OF WEEK 1
1
,This week will focus on providing you with an introduction into moral questions and reasoning. These
subjects are shortly introduced in the video and elaborated on further in the lecture by Martin Buijsen. In
addition you can find videos that introduce moral questions connected to corona policies. The tutor groups
will focus on recognizing moral dilemmas and some first exercises on discussing these. In addition, the
tutor groups will help you navigate through the book by Beauchamp & Childress through a close reading
exercise.
You are expected to prepare for both the lectures and the tutor groups by reading the prescribed
literature, by watching the videos, reading the relevant Canvas pages and by preparing the assignments
for the tutor groups.
Learning goals:
You will be able to...
- Identify morality as phenomenon.
- Understand morality as subject of moral philosophy or ethics.
- Explain the various (normative and non normative) ways in which ethics can be practiced.
- Recognize the moral dimension of a problem.
Literature
Beauchamp & Childress chapters 1 (p.1-29) and 10 (p. 390-393, 397-404, 410-411)
Newspaper articles in preparation of the tutor group of Thursday:
o https://www.trouw.nl/religie-filosofie/moeten-ouderen-een-stapje-terug-doen-zolang-
de-pandemie-duurt-of-kun-je-dat-niet-van-ze-vragen~ba60e8a9/ (Links to an
external site.)
o https://www.ad.nl/binnenland/heel-het-land-kijkt-angstvallig-naar-studenten-wij-
namen-corona-eigenlijk-vanaf-dag-een-serieus~a10a424d/ (Links to an external
site.)
1.1 LECTURE: INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE
1.2 LECTURE MONDAY: INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS
Read the following case to prepare yourself for the lecture.
Suppose you are the CEO in charge of a hospital which provides specialist medical care. Your hospital is
financed by several health care insurance companies, the largest of which is responsible for more than
70% of the hospital’s income. That insurance company is willing to invest in a new clinic for hip and knee
replacement therapy. Even more, it is willing to provide extra funding. You and the other members of the
Board are delighted to hear that the funding will enable the clinic’s surgeons to offer their services during
the weekends. The insurance company does, however, have one condition: during the weekends the clinic
is opened exclusively for patients having insurance policies with that company. The other Board members
agree to this condition. After all, the additional financing enables the clinic to help more patients. You, on
the other hand, have reservations. Although most clinicians welcome the proposed deal, some have
2
,informed you that the proposed deal is unfair. They feel that patients who are insured with other
companies are being discriminated against. They argue that the deal is at odds with medical ethics. The
hospital’s Patients’ Council is also not in favor. It is opposed to what they call ‘preferential treatment’. You
are faced with a moral problem, a dilemma.
What are you to do?
College
What is Ethics?
• The Province of Ethics
o ‘Morality’ refers to views held in society on right and wrong of human behaviour.
o Yet, morality differs from religion, politics, law and etiquette.
o ‘Morality’ does not refer to standards of prudence. Moral behaviour ≠ prudent behaviour.
o ‘Morality’ refers to a more or less durable social institution: standards transferred from
generation to generation, the existence of which precedes their acceptance by individual
human beings.
o ‘Morality’ refers to behaviour with implications for others.
o Moral judgements are not merely subjective.
• The Concept of a Moral Position (R. Dworkin)
§ What must I do to convince you that my position is a moral position?
o I must produce reasons for it, but not every reason will do. A moral position cannot
be based on:
• Prejudices
• Emotional reactions
• False propositions of fact
• The beliefs of others
o I must genuinely endorse the principles my reasons presuppose.
o The moral arguments I make not only presuppose principles, but also more abstract
views on moral reasoning.
• The Object of Morality (G.J. Warnock)
o If morality is a social institution, what function does it have?
o The purpose of morality is to overcome human shortcomings. (G.J. Warnock)
3
, o The general object of morality is to contribute to betterment – or non-deteriation – of the
human predicament, primary and essentially by seeking to countervail ‘limited rationality
and limited sympathies’ and their potentially most damaging effects.
• Approaches to the Study of Morality
o Nonnormative approaches: descriptive ethics, meta-ethics
o Normative approaches: general normative ethics, applied ethics
• Nonnormative approaches
§ Descriptive ethics
o Observer’s perspective
o Description and theory of prevailing morality
§ Meta-ethics
o Reflection on
• The meaning of moral use of language
• The differences with nonmoral use of language
• The nature of moral judgement
• Morality and relativism, morality and pluralism, etc. etc..
• Normative approaches
§ General normative ethics
o Participant’s perspective
o Systematic-philosophical reflection on prevailing morality, i.a.
• Utilitarianism (Bentham, Mill)
• Deontology (Kant, Rawls)
• Virtue ethics (Aristotle, Aquinas, MacIntyre)
§ Applied ethics, i.a.
o Medical ethics, bioethics, etc. And healthcare ethics?
Relativism and Pluralism
• Morality and relativism (R. Brandt)
o Types of relativism
§ Cultural relativism: what?
4
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