This typed document contains all of the information to succeed in the module PYC2601. The information is based on the Study Guide (UNISA) and the prescribed book(Personology From Individual to Ecosystem). The following chapters are included: 1-3; 10-12; 14; 17. The document is neatly typed and each...
The Social Cognitive Learning Approach Summary and Study Aid
Summary and clear explanation of Carl Rogers
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PYC2601 - Personality Theories (PYC2601)
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Chapter 1
Personology & historical overview of PYCal thinking
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Personology & everyday knowledge of human nature ............................................................. 2
Why = there so many personality theories? ................................................................................ 3
Complexity of humans & behaviour .......................................................................................... 3
Practical & ethical problems research ................................................................................... 3
Large variety assumption concerning person & scientific research .................................. 3
Def of key concepts ........................................................................................................................... 3
Person .............................................................................................................................................. 3
Interpretation & handling of aggression .................................................................................. 9
Evaluation of theory ...................................................................................................................... 9
Personality theory
PERSONOLOGY & EVERYDAY
KNOWLEDGE OF HUMAN NATURE Outcome purposeful, sustained effort –
develop logically consistent conceptual
Key Concepts
system for describing, explaining &/
Personology
predicting human behaviour.
Branch of psychology
*
Focus = study of indiv’s characteristics
Ability – judge people depends on 4
& differences between people.
sources of info:
Everyday knowledge of human nature
❖ Cultural tradition
Ability – judge, understand, explain &
❖ Direct communications from
predict behaviour of humans.
others
Page | 2
, ❖ Observation of other’s behaviour Complexity of humans &
❖ Self-observation
behaviour
Aim Personologists = improve everyday
Determined → interdependent factors:
knowledge (stereotypes/bias) → basing
biological factors, environmental
theories on scientific methods.
circumstances, social factors,
Most comprehensive elements of
psychological & spiritual factors.
personology = form of personality
Each personality theory highlights on of
theories.
many “facets” of a “diamond” through
Nature & purpose of conceptual
the eyes of a Personologists/theorist.
handling of human functioning includes:
❖ View of person Practical & ethical problems
❖ Strc of personality & how strc research
functions.
People can → treated similar to
❖ What motivates human
concentration camps (hunger, thirst,
behaviour.
cruelty & isolation) – see results,
❖ Human development &
impossible, practical & ethical
propositions about ideal human
considerations.
development.
Personologists confine research –
❖ Nature & causes of behavioural
random studies of people.
problems/psychopathology.
❖ How human behaviour might be Large variety assumption
controlled concerning person & scientific
❖ How to study, measure & predict research
behaviour
Assumptions = difficult – change, =
WHY = THERE SO MANY convictions that based facts.
PERSONALITY THEORIES?
❖ Complexity of humans & DEF OF KEY CONCEPTS
behaviour Person
❖ Practical & ethical problems
Indiv human being
research
Acts independently.
❖ Large variety assumptions
*
concerning person & scientific
Referred – mask actors wore Roman
research
times.
Page | 3
, Also implies independence of behaviour. / say some action
Person refers to: confuses us, behaviour fit with
Indiv person’s personality.
personology:
Group
Whatever makes people who
Corporation
they are (that which allows us –
Society make predictions about indiv’s
Function independently. behaviour) / basis that we say we
Definition implies acknowledgement of know someone well.
capacity for free decision-making. Behaviourists acknowledge spiritual
Non-deterministic view shared → all attributes as determinant of behaviour.
Personologists. Extreme behaviourist
Deterministic Personologists (Skinner) (Skinner) avoids word
avoided using ‘person’ & simply ‘personality’ & agree
described people as ‘organisms’. with following:
Personology NB observations:
Constantly changing, nevertheless People show little/no change
relatively stable org of all physical, some respect, = changing
psychological & spiritual characteristics continually changing other
of indiv that determines behaviour respects. (Meeting between long-
interaction with context of which indiv standing friends after long
finds themselves. separation.)
* Indiv’s characteristics
Often describes indiv’s social dimension. exist/function isolation.
Someone using
Attributes = integrated with each
influence/impresses people easily.
other complex way – influence
Colloquial language:
each other constantly. (2 Very
Refer – someone’s general
intelligent people have different
behaviour patterns/nature.
academic achievements depending
Predictions = made about
on motivation, perseverance,
behaviour on basis of his/her
interest, etc.)
personality.
Page | 4
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