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NR283 Final Exam Study Guide (Latest-2021)/ NR 283 Final Exam Study Guide/ NR283 Pathophysiology Final Exam Study Guide / NR 283 Pathophysiology Final Exam Study Guide: Chamberlain University $15.49   Add to cart

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NR283 Final Exam Study Guide (Latest-2021)/ NR 283 Final Exam Study Guide/ NR283 Pathophysiology Final Exam Study Guide / NR 283 Pathophysiology Final Exam Study Guide: Chamberlain University

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NR283 Final Exam Study Guide (Latest-2021)/ NR 283 Final Exam Study Guide/ NR283 Pathophysiology Final Exam Study Guide / NR 283 Pathophysiology Final Exam Study Guide: Chamberlain University NR283 Patho Final Exam Study Guide (Latest-2021)/ NR 283 Patho Final Exam Study Guide / NR283 Final Exam S...

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  • October 4, 2021
  • 47
  • 2021/2022
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,Hypothyroidism- Hyposecretion of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) Characterized by a decreased

rate of body metabolism

Causes: autoimmune disease, treatment for hyperthyroidism, radiation therapy, thyroid surgery,

certain medications

S/S: lethargy, fatigue, weakness, muscle aches, paresthesias, intolerance to cold, weight gain, dry

skin and hair and loss of body hair, bradycardia, constipation, generalized puffiness and edema

around the eyes and face (myxedema), forgetfulness and loss of memory, menstrual

disturbances, cardiac enlargement, tendency to develop heart failure, goiter may or may not be

present




Hyperparathyroidism- Hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Causes: Tumor, Hyperplasia, Genetics; secondary causes-severe calcium or vitamin D

deficiency, chronic kidney failure

S/S: Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia, fatigue and muscle weakness, skeletal pain and

tenderness, bone deformities that result in pathological fractures, anorexia, nausea, vomiting,

epigastric pain, weight loss, constipation, hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmias, renal stones

Nursing Considerations: Monitor vital signs, particularly blood pressure; monitor for cardiac

dysrhythmias, monitor for intake and output and for signs of renal stones, monitor skeletal pain,

move the patient slowly and carefully; encourage fluid intake, administer furosemide (Lasix) as

prescribed to lower calcium levels, administer phosphates, which interfere with calcium

reabsorption as prescribed, administer calcitonin as prescribed to decrease the skeletal calcium

, release and increase renal excretion of calcium, monitor calcium and phosphorus levels, prepare

the patient for parathyroidectomy as prescribed




Hypoparathyroidism-Hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Can occur following a thyroidectomy because of removal of parathyroid tissue

S/S: Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, numbness and tingling in the face, muscle cramps

and cramps in the abdomen or extremities, positive Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s sign, signs of

overt tetany such as bronchospasm, laryngospasm, carpopedal spasm, dysphagia, photophobia,

cardiac dysrhythmias, seizures; hypotension, anxiety, irritability, depression

Nursing Considerations: Monitor vital signs, monitor for signs of hypocalcemia and tetany,

initiate seizure precautions, place a tracheostomy set, oxygen and suctioning equipment at

bedside, prepare to administer calcium gluconate intravenously for hypocalcemia, provide a

high-calcium, low-phosphorus diet, instruct the patient on administration of calcium supplements

as prescribed, instruct the patient on administration of vitamin D supplements as prescribed,

vitamin D enhances the absorption of calcium from the GI tract, instruct the patient on

administration of phosphate binders as prescribed to promote the excretion of phosphate through

the gastrointestinal tract, instruct to wear a Medic-Alert bracelet




Cushing’s Syndrome/Disease- is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally increased

secretion (endogenous) of cortisol, caused by increased amounts of ACTH secreted by the

pituitary gland

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