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Wetenschapsfilosofie voor MAW - Aantekeningen colleges + slides
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Wetenschapsfilosofie voor MAW12 hoorcolleges
Maandag 8:45-10:30
Dinsdag 16:45-18:30
6 werkcolleges
Groep 1 Donderdag 8:45-10:30
Groep 2 Woensdag 10:45-12:30
Groep 3 Woensdag 8:45-10:30
Hoorcolleges: tentamenstof (icm literatuur)
College 1: Introductie
Colleges 2-7: Inleiding algemene wetenschapsfilosofie
Colleges 8-12: Inleiding filosofie van de sociale wetenschappen
Tentaminering
Opdracht
Individueel
De opdracht komt in week 5 op canvas
+/- 500 woorden
Telt voor 30% mee
Deadline: vrijdag 8 oktober om 17:00
Tentamen
Bestaat uit open vragen
Stof: literatuur + collegestof (colleges zijn geen samenvatting van de literatuur!)
Telt voor 70% mee
Er komen oefententamens op Canvas
Eerste kans: week 8 (datum en tijd nnb)
Herkansing: 1e of 2e week januari (datum en tijd nnb)
Docent: Sander Verhaegh
,Inhoud
Hoorcollege 2.........................................................................................................................................5
1. De Wetenschappelijke Revolutie...................................................................................................5
2. De opkomst van het scepticisme...................................................................................................5
a. Een definitie van kennis.............................................................................................................5
b. Scepticisme................................................................................................................................6
3. Twee historische invloedrijke antwoorden....................................................................................6
a. Rationalisme..............................................................................................................................6
b. Empirisme..................................................................................................................................7
Hoorcollege 3 – Confirmationisme........................................................................................................9
1. Einstein..........................................................................................................................................9
2. Een ‘logische’ benadering..............................................................................................................9
3. Demarcatiecriteria.......................................................................................................................10
Confirmatie......................................................................................................................................11
Hoorcollege 4 – Falsificationisme........................................................................................................13
1. Drie problemen voor het confirmationisme................................................................................13
a. Confirmeerbaarheid is te zwak als demarcatiecriterium..........................................................13
b. De paradox van de raaf – een te zwakke confirmatietheorie..................................................13
c. Het nieuwe inductieraadsel......................................................................................................13
2. Karl Popper..................................................................................................................................14
a. Demarcatie...............................................................................................................................15
b. Methodologie..........................................................................................................................15
Hoorcollege 5 – relativisme.................................................................................................................16
1. Drie problemen voor falsificationisme.........................................................................................16
a. Alleen negatieve kennis – de problemen van Popper..............................................................16
b. De theorie-geladenheid van observatie...................................................................................16
c. De Duhem-Quine these............................................................................................................16
2. Relativisme...................................................................................................................................17
a. Soorten relativisme..................................................................................................................17
b. Kuhn’s relativisme....................................................................................................................18
c. Feyerabend’s relativisme.........................................................................................................18
Hoorcollege 6 – Sociale benaderingen.................................................................................................20
1. Relativisme...................................................................................................................................20
a. Argumenten voor relativisme..................................................................................................20
b. Argumenten tegen relativisme................................................................................................20
, 2. De Sociologische Benadering.......................................................................................................21
a. Merton’s CUDOS normen.........................................................................................................21
b. Merton vs. Popper...................................................................................................................21
Hoorcollege 7 – Naturalisme...............................................................................................................23
1. Naturalisme.................................................................................................................................23
a. Waarom er niet één filosofisch antwoord is............................................................................23
b. Voorbeeld uit de praktijk: het testen van medicijnen..............................................................23
c. Voorbeeld uit de praktijk: de betrouwbaarheid van observatie...............................................24
Hoorcollege 8 – Introductie deel 2......................................................................................................27
1. Sociale vs. Natuurwetenschappen...............................................................................................27
a. Actie vs. Gedrag.......................................................................................................................28
b. Het BD-model..........................................................................................................................28
c. Drie fundamentele problemen voor BD...................................................................................29
Hoorcollege 9 – Behaviorisme.............................................................................................................31
1. Wetenschappelijke vooruitgang volgens behavioristen...............................................................31
2. Een behavioristisch alternatief voor het BD-model.....................................................................32
a. Pavlov.......................................................................................................................................32
b. Thorndike.................................................................................................................................32
c. Skinner.....................................................................................................................................33
3. Kwantitatieve methoden vandaag de dag...................................................................................34
Hoorcollege 10 – Interpretivisme........................................................................................................35
1. Interpretivisme-1: Verstehen.......................................................................................................35
a. Interpretatie als doel................................................................................................................35
b. Max Weber..............................................................................................................................36
2. Interpretivisme-2: Diepe betekenissen en superstructuren........................................................36
a. Sigmund Freud.........................................................................................................................36
b. Karl Marx..................................................................................................................................37
3. Kwalitatieve methoden vandaag de dag..................................................................................38
Hoorcollege 11 – Functionalisme.........................................................................................................39
1. Ontologische vraagstukken in de wetenschapsfilosofie...............................................................39
a. Realisme...................................................................................................................................39
b. Instrumentalisme.....................................................................................................................40
2. Functionalisme.............................................................................................................................41
a. Ontologische niveaus...............................................................................................................41
b. Individualisme vs. holisme.......................................................................................................41
c. Functionalisme.........................................................................................................................42
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