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Summary Burgers, J. H., & Covin, J. G. (2016). The contingent effects of differentiation and integration on corporate entrepreneurship. Strategic Management Journal, 37(3), 521–540. $7.04
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Summary Burgers, J. H., & Covin, J. G. (2016). The contingent effects of differentiation and integration on corporate entrepreneurship. Strategic Management Journal, 37(3), 521–540.
Full summary of Burgers, J. H., & Covin, J. G. (2016). The contingent effects of differentiation and integration on corporate entrepreneurship. Strategic Management Journal, 37(3), 521–540.
Burgers & Covin (2016) – The contingent effects of differentiation and
integration on corporate entrepreneurship (CE)
Summary
CE should be structurally differentiated (separate unit) but this unit needs to be integrated
Question: when is integration beneficial? When do the benefits of integration outweigh its
costs?
Integration measures include: shared vision, senior team social integration, cross-functional
interfaces
Results:
Small firms Low levels of shared vision is best
NO senior team integration is best
Low level of cross-functional interfaces is best
Large firms High levels of all 3 integration measures is best
Stable environment High levels of all 3 integration measures is best
Dynamic low levels of all 3 integration measures is best
environment
Introduction – costs and benefits of structural differentiation
Key knowledge in CE practice: CE and mainstream activities require different organizing
principles
CE = the sum of a firm’s innovation, venturing, and strategic renewal activities
CE requires autonomy and therefore a differentiated structure will be beneficial
However, structural differentiation can also bring some coordination & communication
problems as well as agency problems
These coordination problems can be overcome by some integration mechanisms
Integration can help to overcome coordination problems but also has some costs itself
Question: when do the benefits of the interaction of structural differentiation and integration
outweigh the costs resulting from integration when it comes to promoting CE?
Theoretical background
Pro’s of structural differentiation Con’s
Prevents intrusion of CE into Members of CE find it hard to
mainstream activities understand members from other units
Lack of interunit communication may
reduce the number / quality of ideas
Agency problems: members of CE
pursue interests that do not align with
organizational objectives
Differentiation & integration are both complementary and inconsistent
, There are 3 ways how senior teams can manage this contradiction:
Shared vision Facilitates knowledge sharing across units
Mitigates agency issues
Con: some scholars suggest that strong identification with the org.
identity leads to reduced creativity
Senior team Facilitates knowledge transfer across units, as top mgt oversees all
integration relevant connections
Increased willingness to solve conflicts between units
Positive effect on successful development of corporate ventures and
ambidexterity
Con: some suggest that a more modest level of integration in the senior
team is best
Cross- E.g. teams and task-forces
functional Act as boundary-spanners that connect the different units
interfaces Enhance knowledge in- and outflows
Reduce agency conflicts
Juxtapose different knowledge streams, leading to more creativity in CE
Con: some warn that cross-functional interfaces in combination with
structural differentiation may interfere with the benefits of structural
differentiation as a driver of CE
Benefits & costs resulting from integration: a contingency view
Costs of integration:
1. Cost of organizing integration
2. Cost resulting from integration
a. Loss of autonomy
b. Slower decision-making
c. Reduced diversity of ideas
d. Groupthink & inertia
Contingencies
The effects of structural differentiation are contingent upon (influenced by):
The level of integration
The level of environmental uncertainty
The organization size
Organizational size Environmental uncertainty
Larger no of employees puts pressure In high uncertainty, there is greater
on mgt to create more complex org. need to obtain knowledge from outside
structures the firm
Small organizations are easier to However, this is hard when there are
coordinate across units (mgt is closer to everchanging interdependencies
each other) Costs associated with integration
(reduced flexibility, slower decision-
making…) diminish the ability to
develop CE in dynamic environments
Integration measures might have more In more dynamic environments,
positive effects on the relationship integration measures might have less
between structural diff. and CE in larger positive effects on the structural diff. –
organizations CE relationship
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