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Summary An Illustrated History of Britain
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Samenvating 'An Illustrated History of Britain' van David McDowall
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Content preview
AnIllustrated
History
of
Britain
Earliest
Times
1.
The
Foundation
Stones
The
Island:
British
Isles
!
United
Kingdom
!
Great
Britain.
The
British
Isles
lie
in
the
way
of
the
Gulf
Stream,
which
brings
warm
water
and
winds
from
the
Gulf
of
Mexico.
Within
Britain
there
are
differences
of
climate
between
north
and
south,
east
and
west.
Southeast
Britain
has
always
been
the
most
populated
part
of
the
Isles
because
most
of
the
south
and
east
are
fairly
flat
or
low-‐lying
which
is
good
for
agricultural.
People
and
geography
-‐ Why
did
they
come?
!
Research
-‐ What
did
they
bring?
!
Judicial
system,
structure,
constructions.
Neolithic
people
(new
stone
age)
About
3000
bc,
people
crossed
the
narrow
sea
from
Europe
in
small
round
boats
of
bent
wood
covered
with
animal
skins.
They
were
small,
dark
and
long-‐headed,
and
may
be
the
forefathers
of
dark-‐haired
inhabitants
of
Wales
and
Cornwall
today.
These
were
the
first
inhabitants,
settlers
form
Iberia
and
Spain.
Features:
-‐ From
hunting
and
gathering
to
agriculture.
(farming)
-‐ Impact
comparable
to
Industrial
Revolution.
(moving
around,
staying
in
one
place)
Beaker
people
(bronze
age)
After
2400
bc
new
groups
of
people
arrived
in
southeast
Britain
form
Europe.
They
were
round-‐headed
and
strongly
build
and
taller
than
Neolithic
Britons.
It
is
not
known
whether
they
invaded
by
armed
force,
or
whether
they
were
invited
by
Neolithic
Britons
because
of
their
military
or
metal-‐working
skills.
Their
arrival
is
marked
by
the
first
individual
graves,
furnished
with
pottery
beakers,
from
which
these
people
get
their
name:
“Beaker”
people.
Features:
-‐ Indo-‐European
Language
-‐ Skills
to
make
bronze
tools
(replacing
stones)
-‐ Military
skills
New
farmers
grew
wealthy
because
they
learned
to
enrich
the
soil
with
natural
waste
materials
so
that
it
did
not
become
poor
and
useless.
This
change
probably
happened
at
about
the
same
time
that
the
chalk
uplands
were
becoming
drier.
,
The
Celts
(Iron
Age)
(Asterix
&
Obelix)
Around
700
bc,
another
group
of
people
began
to
arrive.
Many
of
them
were
tall,
and
had
fair
or
red
hair
and
blue
eyes.
These
were
the
Celts,
who
probably
came
from
central
Europe
or
further
east,
from
southern
Russia,
and
had
moved
slowly
westwards
in
earlier
centuries.
They
were
technically
advanced,
they
knew
how
to
work
with
iron,
and
could
make
better
weapons
than
the
people
who
used
bronze.
It
is
possible
that
they
drove
many
of
the
older
inhabitants
westwards
into
Wales,
Scotland
and
Ireland.
The
Celts
began
to
control
all
the
lowland
areas
of
Britain,
and
were
joined
by
new
arrivals
form
the
European
mainland.
They
continued
to
arrive
in
one
wave
after
another
over
the
next
seven
hundred
years.
The
Celtic
tribes
continued
the
same
kind
of
agriculture
as
the
Bronze
Age
before
them.
But
their
use
of
iron
technology
and
their
introduction
of
more
advanced
ploughing
methods
made
it
possible
for
them
to
farm
heavier
soils.
Increase
of
hillforts,
suggests
that
the
Celts
were
highly
successful
farmers,
growing
enough
food
for
a
much
larger
population.
Economic:
The
Celts
traded
across
tribal
borders
and
trade
was
probably
important
for
political
and
social
contact
between
the
tribes.
Trade
with
Ireland
went
trough
the
island
of
Anglesey.
For
money
the
Celts
used
iron
bars,
until
they
began
to
copy
the
Roman
coins
they
saw
used
in
Gaul,
France.
Features:
-‐ Polytheists
-‐ Rich
mythology
-‐ Reincarnation
-‐ Equal
rights
men
and
women
-‐ Circular
view
of
the
world
-‐ Tribal
communities
-‐ Ruled
by
warrior
class
and
Druids:
human
sacrifices
The
most
famous
female
Celt
was
Queen
Boadicea,
she
died
in
AD61
when
she
destroyed
London
before
she
got
defeated
and
killed.
,
The
Romans
(55BC)
(43AD
settlement)
The
Romans
had
invaded
because
the
Celts
of
Britain
were
working
with
the
Celts
of
Gaul
against
them.
Britain
also
became
an
important
food
producer
because
of
his
mild
climate.
The
Romans
could
make
use
of
British
food
for
their
own
army
fighting
the
Gauls.
They
brought
skills
of
reading
and
writing,
the
written
word
was
important
for
spreading
ideas
and
also
for
establishing
power.
The
Romans
conquered
the
whole
south
of
Britain,
but
could
not
reach
Scotland.
At
last
they
build
a
strong
wall
along
the
northern
border,
named
after
the
Emperor
Hadrian
who
planned
it.
At
the
time,
Hadrian’s
wall
was
simply
intended
to
keep
out
raiders
from
the
North,
but
it
also
marked
the
border
between
the
two
later
countries;
England
and
Scotland.
Roman
control
of
Britain
came
to
an
end
as
the
empire
began
to
collapse.
The
first
signs
were
the
attacks
by
Celts
of
Caledonia
(picts)
in
AD367.
The
Romans
found
it
more
and
more
difficult
to
stop
raiders
at
Hadrian’s
wall.
The
same
was
happening
in
Europe,
the
Roman
border
was
to
big
for
them
to
defend.
The
Roman
Empire:
Edges:
Chinese,
Germanic
tribes,
Persians.
Why
so
powerful:
-‐
Emperors
gods,
army,
copied
a
lot
from
the
greek
society
(political
system,
gods,
building
techniques,
literatures,
philosophy
and
education
and
language.
What
happened
after
the
Romans
had
left?
-‐
Others
invaded
Britain,
and
Britain
got
devided
in
kingdoms:
Anglo’s,
Saxons
and
Jutes.
How
did
this
change
society?
-‐
Institutions,
administrative
areas
based
on
shires,
or
counties
!
English
agriculture.
How
did
Christianity
spread
throughout
Britain?
-‐
Monk
Augustine
travelled
through
Britain
to
re-‐establish
Christianity.
What
did
Christianity
bring?
-‐
Increasing
the
power
of
kings,
they
had
“gods
approval”,
learning-‐system,
law,
history
book.
Why
did
the
Vikings
come?
-‐
The
Vikings
were
tempted
by
Britains’
wealth.
How
was
life
under
Viking
rule?
-‐
Danelaw,
the
Vikings
quickly
accepted
Christianity
and
they
didn’t
disturb
anything.
Why
was
1066
such
a
crucial
year?
-‐
King
Edward
died,
big
question:
Who
should
be
king?
Why
was
feudalism
implemented
and
how
did
it
work?
-‐
The
king
gave
land
to
others
in
exchange
for
crops,
devided
land
so
he
had
more
control.
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