Summary

Summary AS Level Sociology, ISBN: 9780954007959 Unit 1 SCLY1 - Culture and Identity; Families and Households; Wealth, Poverty and Welfare

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Unit 1 SCLY1 - Culture and Identity; Families and Households; Wealth, Poverty and Welfare

Institution
AQA

Book
AQA A Level Sociology Book One Including AS Level

This document includes all the key information for AQA sociology exam, summarising Family and Households and education topics 1,2,5. This includes sociologists which are needed for evidence in your exams and notes all the topics within family and households.

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Summarized whole book? No
Which chapters are summarized? Family and households to education
Uploaded on October 11, 2021
Number of pages 12
Written in 2018/2019
Type Summary

role of education
dual burden
dobash and dobash
class differences
fam and households

Book Title:AQA A Level Sociology Book One Including AS Level

Author(s):Rob Webb, Hal Westergaard

Edition:Unknown
ISBN:9780954007959
Edition:2

Study Level
A/AS Level
Examinator
AQA
Subject
Sociology
Unit
Unit 1 SCLY1 - Culture and Identity; Families and Households; Wealth, Poverty and Welfare

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FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLDS

Household – person living alone or a group of people living together

Family – in 19th century was very patriarchal

 Women themselves were considered property
 Upon marrying a woman’s property became her husbands
 Access to divorce was also unequal

Domestic division of labor refers to the roles that men and women play in relation to housework,
childcare and paid work

Sociologists interested in whether men and women share domestic tasks equally

Instrumental role (men have undertaken) = breadwinner

Expressive role = housewives i.e rearing children, doing housework

PARSONS – division of labour between spouses in rooted in biology : men being more physically fit
may engage in manual tasks whereas wives are suited to having children and therefore have some
sort of maternal instinct

 Women must look after stressed husband after work / caring nurturing aspect to provide a
stable environment to bring up children
 This is a traditional conservative view e.g the neo liberal or new right , they believe it is
traditional from the past and should be like this
 Parsons ideas have been criticized as arguably the system benefits men more than women
– women now increasingly work as men come home to come home with no stress of kids
awake, housework is all done
 Repetitive for women , lack in leisure, boring, unpaid
 However women’s are economically dependent on their husbands

Bott > two type of conjugal roles

(segregated conjugal roles) = traditional nuclear family

Joint conjugal roles = couples are sharing tasks such as housework and childcare, whilst also
spending leisure time together

Otherwise women’s leisure time typically spent with female kin whereas men may spend their
time in the pub after work with friends

Young and Wilmott

 Take a march of progress view of history and the family’s place within it
 Women were working more, men were doing more around the house, couples had
become more privatized
 This was a result of women’s changing position, geographical mobility (movement away
from extended family to seek employment), new technology (made men less reluctant to
participating in housework) and higher standards of living (post war onwards, SOL rising as
economy’s did better and people had disposable income to e.g. go on holiday)
 Women gain more rights e.g. contraceptive pill, legislation to vote, less discrimination in
the workplace

, Feminist view of housework:

Ann Oakley:

- Criticized march of progress view
- Argues husbands interviewed which found they help once a week which is hardly
symmetrical
- Some evidence of increase involvement of husbands in housework
- Many interviewed felt they were good fathers as they played with children in evenings
BUT this tends to free up time for wives to do more housework
- Husbands felt they were more involved
- Argued domestic labor is heavily sex typed: men tend to do DIY and gardening ,whilst
women tend to do cooking and cleaning – more laborious tasks
- Women continue to do more housework – men involve in the more rewarding aspect of
childcare rather than e.g. putting children to sleep
- Men tend to get half an hour more free time than women

The impact of paid work:

Since Ann Oakley’s study in the 1970s

 Now become a norm for women (married or cohabiting) to work and bring in second
income

Gershuny

 Women in full time jobs did less housework > more work they did , more domestic labor
husbands did
 Couples who’s parents had a more equal relationship were more likely to have an equal
relationship themselves > replicating their parents
 A change in society’s values as we now believe women’s position should be one of
equality
 Change in parental models : society used to be more patriarchal , children weren’t seen
and heard

Crompton

 As women earn more, men do more work at home
 Changes in DDOL were connected to economic factors
 As long as there is unequal pay, there will be unequal division

British social attitudes survey:

 Fall in number of people who think it’s a mans job to be a breadwinner and women’s to be
a homemaker

Dual burden:

 Domestic task and paid – FERRI AND SMITH
 Little evidence for new man who gets actively involved in childcare or shares earning
 Morris: unemployed men avoid housework – rejected doing it as it may undermine their
masculinity – RAMOS refuted this and found total equality

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Summary

Summary AS Level Sociology, ISBN: 9780954007959 Unit 1 SCLY1 - Culture and Identity; Families and Households; Wealth, Poverty and Welfare

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