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Grade 12 geomorphology notes
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Geomorphology:Drainage basin concepts: * watershed vs.
interfluve
IT
¥
I
winfiltration
Base flow :
underground
>
water that seeps
back into rivers
,FACTORS INFLUENCING HOW MUCH WATER ENTERS THE
DRAINAGE SYSTEM :
vegetation
-
-
soil type
-
Rainfall
-
land use
-
Rock type
-
Relief
TYPES OF RIVERS :
pony rainy permanent
:÷÷:":
episodic
river ↳ all
↳ storms year
wet season
is
high
dry season
i. lower water
table
exotic
↳ river in desserts
↳ supplied with water
from where
they begin
, TYPES OF DRAINAGE PATTERNS :
( vertical profile )
①
↳
DENDRITIC
tree like branches
:
µ
↳ joins at acute angles
rocks with uniform
↳
sedimentary resistance
② RECTANGULAR :
river has 90° tributaries
↳ main
angles join at 90
.
,
↳
underlying rock structure is jointed igneous rock
③ TRELLIS :
90 the tributaries
-
↳ main stream is parallel and to
hard
↳
Underlying rock folded rocks with alternate
and soft rocks
PARALLEL :
↳ caused
by steep slopes
↳ few tributaries
in same direction
↳ flow
↳ uniform resistance
④ DERRANGED :
↳ small streams with no specific pattern
↳ flat areas
↳ often cause lakes / dams to form
?⃝
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