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Lecture 1 & 2 Personality disorders
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Notes from the first and second lecture of the course personality disorders
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ENGLISH! Samenvatting Thema 4 Blok 4.2. Personality Disorder
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ENGLISH! Samenvatting Thema 4 Blok 4.2. Personality Disorders
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Summary Lecture 1 & 2Lecture 1
Personality disorder criteria DSM 5
A. An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the
expectations of the individual’s culture. This pattern manifests in two or more of the
following criteria:
1. Cognition
2. Affectivity
3. Interpersonal conflict
4. Impulse control
B. The enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and
social situations.
C. The enduring pattern leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in social,
occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
D. Pattern is stable and of long duration. Onset can be tracked back to adolescence
E. Pattern cannot be better explained as a manifestation or consequence of another
mental disorder
F. Not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical
condition.
The three Ps of the criteria: Persistent (over time), Persuasive (different people and different
situations) and Pathological (abnormalities).
Etiology: difficult. We use the Diathesis-Stress model to explain a personality disorder.
Heritability
Non-genetic
Hormones
Stressors (Physical/Emotional).
Very generic model. Not every
pattern has the same outcome,
even when two persons have the
same pattern.
, We can divide personality disorders into three clusters:
Cluster A: Prevalence 5%
Cluster B : Prevalence 1,5%
Cluster C : Prevalence 6%
Total prevalence of personality disorders: +/- 9%
Cluster A:
Paranoid personality disorder
o No reason to trust others
o They don’t spend a lot of time with other people
o Example: Joseph Stalin
Schizoid personality disorder
o Detachment from social relationships
o Restricted range of emotional expressions
o Not interested in intimacy and sex
o On themselves
Schizotypal personality disorder
o Discomfort around social relationships
o Eccentric behaviors and thoughts
o Example: Willy Wonka (different in their own ways)
o Closest to schizophrenia
Tip to remember cluster A: A stand for Atypical. All of what you see within these disorders is
kind of atypical.
Cluster B:
Antisocial personality disorder
o Disregard or violations of rights
o They don’t really care if they break or know the rules
o Onset in childhood (Most of the time)
Borderline personality disorder
o Instability in how you see yourself, how you feel and how you relate to others
o Feeling black and white (all is good, or all is bad)
o Self-harm behavior
o Struggling with self-image
o Example: Angelina Jolie
Histrionic personality disorder
o Hysteria
o Hysterical neurosis
o Being in the center of attention/ attention seeking
o Lots of emotions
o Trying to avoid being a ‘nobody’
o Example: Mean girls
Narcissistic personality disorder
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