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Summary The Spread of the Terror
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Date Event Detail Significance1792-1794 Deaths 40,000 killed (17,000 guillotined) in these years The guillotine was transformed from being a symbol of
- Many of these deaths were as a result of the internal war (part. In Vendée) progress as a ‘humane’ method of execution to a
symbol of oppression
Its history reflected the disappearance of early
revolutionary ideals as the chaos and paranoia created
by war + fear of counter-revolution brought death and
fear
September Popular Sept 1793: NC declared it must destroy its enemies or they’d destroy the
- December Terror Republic
1793 Following the Law of Suspects (17/9) there was a rapid increase in the numbers
of those brought before the Revolutionary Tribunal
Between March + Sept the Tribunal heard 260 cases; between Sept + Dec it dealt
with 500,000
Mar-Sept: Tribunal sent 66 to the guillotine; Sept-Dec it sent 180 (this just in
Paris)
October- Show Sans-culotte’s desire for blood raised by execution of King + outpourings of
November trials political agitators eg Hebert
1793 Trials featured prominent people however only 9% of the executions in this
phase of Terror came from nobility, 7% from the clergy
14th October: The 1st trial- Marie-Antoinette
- Accused of orgies; squandering gov money; conspiracy against security of the
state; sharing intelligence with the enemy + incest
- 16th October: found guilty of all crimes except incest + guillotined
24th October: trial of the 21 expelled Girondin leaders began
- Result was all were condemned to death
- 31st October: all guillotined in the space of 36 minutes
- Most of remaining Girondins who’d escaped were captured + executed or
committed suicide
6th November: trial + execution of duc d’Orléans
- Son’s friendship with Dumouriez + links to the royal family placed him under
suspicion
8th November: Madame Roland (wife of disgraced Girondin minister conveyed to
, guillotine
From Deaths 10th October: a major speech by Saint-Just in name of the CPS said that used to Region Death sentences
October of justify an intense campaign across the départements using: passed during Terror
‘ordinar - Comités de surveillance to monitor residents in every municipality Normandy 17
y - Armées révolutionnaires of around 40,000 men to roam the countryside + go Brittany 578
citizens’ down on federalist + counter-revolutionary activity Vendée 7873
- Spies and agents from the CGS Gironde 299
- More than 100 répresentants-en-mission from the NC to pursue the cause of Basses-Pyrénées 50
‘revolutionary justice’ Paris 2639
Groups frequently took law into their own hands and some acted with Côte-d’Or 28
indiscriminate savagery Cher 6
Vendée: 7873 guillotined + many more shot without trial Rhône, Loire 2050
- Nov 1793-Jan 1794: further 2000 were executed in noyades (mass Lozère 87
drownings) on the river Loire near Nantes
Midi 1423
Toulon: recaptured on 19th Dec by Napoleon
Ariège 4
- 700-800 prisoners were slain by bayonet in a massacre
Lyons: in Dec the condemned (935 prisoners) were killed w grapeshot
- By the end of 1794, at least 2000 people had been executed in Lyons
From Dechris Encouraged by agitators Hebert + Chaumette, the sans-culottes supported a Robespierre was particularly fearful of such excesses
September tianisati move to close churches and destroy all religious signs + symbols which ran the risk of earning the revolution more
1793 on October: Paris Commune made dechristianisation an official policy enemies
Religious statues, street crosses + ornamentation removed or vandalised - He believed that faith could be a valuable ally in the
Figures on front of Notre Dame beheaded maintenance of order + control
Busts of Marat were popular replacements for religious objects Following a minor revolt in Brie in December he
Church property such as vestments was stolen to use in ‘mock ceremonies’ while persuaded the NC to prohibit violent attacks on religion
bells and plate were melted down to use for coins or weapons By the decree on the ‘liberty of cults’ religious
Street names w religious references changed toleration was reaffirmed; this came too late for the
Some frenzied attacks on remaining religious buildings culminated in an order to 20,000 priests whod been forced to renounce their
close all the remaining churches in November positions
7th November: Jean-Baptise-Joseph Gobel, Archbishop of Paris under Civil
Constitution resigned from his position + other Paris clergy followed
The culmination of all this activity was the transformation of the Notre Dame into
the ‘Temple of Reason’ + Festival of Reason under Hebert
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