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Summary Counter-revolution + the Vendée rising
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Notes on counter-revolution + the Vendée rising during the French Revolution
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Counter-revolutionary threat + Vendée RisingWho could be considered counter-revolutionaries:
The King- storming of the Bastille, flight to Varennes, 1792 journees, trial
The nobility – Great Fear
The King’s Soldiers – October Days, LA decrees
Refractory priests – Oath to the Civil Constitution, LA decrees, September Massacres
Moderates – Champ de Mars Massacre
Emigres – LA decree to banish them
Prisoners - September Massacres
Foreign powers – War of First Coalition
Peasants – Chouan risings
How had they been dealt with so far:
Execution of Louis
LA decrees November 1791 and May 1792
Federe camps set up
September Massacres
War
Mob action
Timeline in rise of counter-revolution + ways tackled:
July 1789- storming of bastille, grand peur- king + nobility
June 1791- flight to Varennes- king suspended from July
August 1791- dec of Pillnitz- fear of outsiders
Nov 1791- Decrees against emigres
April 1792- start of war to fight against foreign counter revs
May 1792- LA decrees
June 1792- federe camps
September 1792- sept massacres against people within Paris in jail might be counter rev
Jan 1793 execution of king
The Vendee rising:
The Vendée was in central-west France, close to Chouan risings, rural, conservative,
Catholic, large number of refractory priests
Disliked religious changes and peasants dislike new bourgeoisie purchasers of bien
nationaux who had increased rents
Inflation and disrupted food supplies for peasants- worse off than under Ancien Regime
Nobles willing to oppose NC and Republic and use military experience to lead armies
March 1793: Uprising began as a protest against the levy for 300,000 men carried out in
Angers
14th March 1793: ‘Catholic and Royal Army of Vendee’ formed and seized city Cholet
Massacre of local officials, juring priests + National Guards; guerrilla warfare spread
through countryside
May 1793: NC sends 30,000 men to area to control rebellion but continues to spread
By June rebels had seized bridges over the Loire, taken Angers + Saumur + heading
towards Paris
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