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Summary Extraordinary measures of 1793
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Notes on the 'extraordinary measures' of 1793 during the French Revolution
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Robespierre + attempt to establish wartime control 1793 the Republic faced external + internal enemies, to combat these, extraordinary
measures were put in place
Measures esp. supported by Jacobins (particularly Robespierre who wanted to win the wars
+ reassure the sans-culottes (whose economic grievances were mounting) that deputies
were responding to their needs)
The measures had the effect of strengthening the Jacobin voice + weakening that of the
Girondins who always opposed central control
Events + Committees:
October 1792:
- Committee of General Security (CGS) established to take responsibility for policing and
the administration of justice (developed out of a 1789 committee)
- Reduced from 30 deputies to 12 at start of 1793
- Duties: surveillance over state security; prosecution of foreign agents + counterfeiters;
reporting to National Convention
February 1793:
- A draft of 300,000 men ordered to be carried out in March
- To be voluntary if possible but by ballot if necessary
9th March 1793:
- 82 représentants-en-mission appointed + sent out to work in pairs + travel across France
to ensure loyalty + effective functioning of the départements
- Had unlimited powers to oversee conscription into the army, monitor loyalty +put down
urban revolt
- Duties: to see public order maintained; arrest any considered suspect; ensure food
supplies + grain trade; supervise levies (inc. that of 300,000 men); report daily to CPS +
weekly to NC
9th April 1793:
- REMs sent to armies (3 each) to make more effective by : ensuring morale of troops +
loyalty of their generals (after defections of Lafayette + Dumouriez)
- REM extended powers: replace military commanders; arrest + send individuals to RT (e.g.
General Houchard); supervise supply + recruitment; act as a source of propaganda +
support morale of troops
10th March 1793:
- A Revolutionary Tribunal established to try counter-revolutionaries
- Set-up: 5 judges (3 could pass a sentence), a public prosecutor with 2 assistants, jurymen
from Paris + surrounding départements elected by the NC
- To begin indictments were drawn up by 6 deputies but from 5 th April became by the
public prosecutor
th
19 March 1793:
- A new law decreed that rebels bearing arms could be executed without appeal within 24
hours
- Was a direct response to revolt in the Vendée
21st March 1793:
- Comités de surveillance (watch committees) had to be established by every commune or
town section to look out for suspicious behaviour, esp. foreigners or those involved w
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