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Summary The formation of a Republic + Louis' execution
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Notes on the formation of a Republic + King Louis' execution during the French Revolution
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Republic + Louis’ ExecutionNew Republic:
22nd September: the National Convention declared France a republic; all deputies agreed on
this but disagreements outweighed their shared beliefs on other matters especially what to
do w Louis ‘Capet’ now he was no longer king
Girondins were more cautious than Montagnards, wanting to protect and consolidate the
gains already achieved whilst Ms saw them only as a starting point
While most deputies in ‘the Plain’ (representing
the départements outside Paris) were more
inclined to Girondin views, their loyalties were
fickle + divisions unpredictable
Girondins saw Robespierre + Danton + Marat as
potential dictators
- Marat esp. Disliked by Brissot + Roland for
his association w/ September massacres +
insurrectionary Paris Commune
Jacobins accused Girondins of lacking faith in
their revolution + trying to form a ‘party’ to block
legitimate change
A constitutional committee was set up
comprising Sieyes, Danton, Condorcet +
Englishman Thomas Paine + 6 others to draw up
proposals for a new constitution to replace that of 1791 (in which King given executive
power); constant arguments between Jacobins + Girondins made difficult to achieve any
agreement on this
Gs + Js didn’t view war matters in same way, though both applauded victories
6th November 1792: Austrians defeated by the Girondin general Dumouriez at the Battle of
Jemappes + French could occupy the Austrian Netherlands; these successes seemed to
vindicate the Girondins’ commitment to war + belief in spreading the ideas of revolution
across Europe through war, hence were able to win support for some provocative decrees:
- 16th November: French announced that River Scheldt would be made ‘free + open’ to all
river traffic; bound to anger the United Provinces (territory river partly ran through), as
well as its ally Great Britain
- By same decree, French declared ‘the glory of the French Republic requires that
wherever the protection of her arms extends, liberty should be established + tyranny
overthrown’
- 19th November: Convention issued the ‘Edict of Fraternity’ promising ‘fraternity +
assistance to all people who wish to recover their liberty’
For the Jacobins a ‘victory at home’ was more important; although war appeared as going
well militarily, its repercussions in France were:
- Growing inflation (increased sans-culottes’ restlessness)
- Outbreak of sporadic peasant rioting- known as Chouan rebellion in districts in west of
France
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