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Summary Who were the sans culottes?
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Notes on the sans culottes during the French Revolution
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Who were the sans culottes?Class and occupations: Tricolore:
Working class- low end of social scale but not low enough to
have lost aspirations
Not cohesive group but shared hatred of the ‘selfish wealth’
of the bourgeoisie + aristrocratic elites
Artisans- craftsmen, shop-keepers, seamstresses + laundry
women
Dress:
Rather than silk knee breeches with stockings- in name
defined by what wearing, deliberately dressing ‘down’ (sans
culottes)
Uniform consisted of woollen bonnet rouge with the
tricolore cockade; for men, a baggy shirt, plebeian waistcoat
or short jacket, neckerchief + long cloth trousers; for
women, a bodice and rough skirt
The colours may also represent
All clothes preferably striped + predominantly red/white
the estates of the Ancien Régime
and blue
On feet they wore sabots (wooden clogs) (the clergy: white, the nobility:
red and the bourgeoisie: blue).
Heroes: Blue comes first and red,
Cordeliers club significant figures- Danton, Marat, Hebert representing the nobility, comes
(people driven out after CdM massacre) last. The colours of the flag are
also supposed to convey the
Politics: values of the French Revolution:
Radical left wing liberté (blue), egalité (white) and
Very anti-king + bourgeoisie fraternité (red).
Fervently pro-revolution
Shared beliefs:
Social equality
Economic equality
Popular democracy
Supported:
- the abolition of all the authority + privileges of the monarchy, nobility, and Roman
Catholic clergy
- the establishment of fixed wages
- the implementation of price controls to ensure affordable food and other essentials
- vigilance against counter-revolutionaries
Fears:
Counter-revolution + people trying to undo it
Food prices
Robespierre + National Convention
Became more silenced with conservative governments (e.g. the Thermidorian Convention
and the French Directory)
Defining factors:
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