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Summary The Revolutionary Clubs and Popular Discontent
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Notes on the Revolutionary Clubs and popular discontent during the French Revolution
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The Revolutionary Clubs and Popular Discontent.(i) Cordeliers
Background Left wing
Began as the Societe des Amis des Droits de
L’Homme et du Citoyen (Society of the
Friends of the Rights of Man and the
Citizen) in April 1790
Took its nickname from the fact it met in a
former Franciscan monastery on the rue
des Cordeliers
Claimed to protect citizens’ rights and kept
an eye on the proceedings of the Assembly
It took as its motto the phrase, Liberté,
égalité, fraternité.
Leadership of Formed by Georges Danton and Camille
Desmoulins
Lawyers, intellectuals, journalists, authors,
merchants, businessmen
Herbert & Vincent leaders after 1792
Aims of Met 4x a week
Called a group of ‘action and combat’
Politically to the left of the Jacobins
Acted as a kind of democratic ombudsmen –
denounced the misuse of power
By 1791 saw their function as political
education of the people, surveillance of the
authorities, protection of popular leaders
(bodyguards),
Involvement in key events in Revolution Home of radical democratic and republican
ideas.
Linked itself to a number of clubs such as
the Fraternal Society
Highly influential in Parisian politics in 1792
Coordinated the popular critique of the
new constitution in mid 1791
Attacked the king after his flight
Were behind the organisation of the
‘central committee’ of fraternal societies
which mobilised republican opinion leading
up to the Champs de Mars massacre
Campaigned for admission of passive
citizens into sectional assemblies
Helped to organise the ‘journee’ of Aug 10
1792
Membership Jean-Paul Marat
Active members of the Sans Culottes such
as Santerre, Hebert, Desmoulins, Marat,
Danton
Presented themselves as populist
Low fees – bigger range of members than
some of the other clubs – included working
men and women.
, Open to women and passive citizens
Herbertists who supported extending the
Terror
Mainly the educated middle classes
What happened to them Desmoulins, Danto and the ‘Old Cordeliers’
guillotined in 1794 and the Cordeliers Club
collapsed
Influence waned after 1792
(ii) Feuillants
Background Formed when moderate members of the
Jacobin Club broke away in July 1791 after
the flight to Varennes
Constitutional monarchists
Committed to making an agreement to the
king but didn’t trust him
Lost popular support after the Champs de
Mars massacre in July 1791
Developed a Jacobin style organisation and
provincial network from autumn 1791
Leadership of Key men Barnave, Duport, Lameth
Aims of Constitutional monarchy
Involvement in key events in Revolution Effectively controlled the Constituent
Assembly in Aug-Sept 1790
Influential in the early days of the
Legislative Assembly
In July 1791 = 365 deputies
Later in 1791 = 264 or 169
Aug 1792 = 56 deputies
Membership Elitist admissions policy
Followers of the Triumvirate (Barnave,
Duport & Lameth) & Lafayette
Bailly
Were also some radicals in early days but
these filtered back to the Jacobin Club
What happened to them Their influence waned
Most of their leaders arrested after the
overthrow of the Girondins
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