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College aantekeningen Organization & Power t/m 12
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Samenvattingen College O&PCollege 1 – introduction organizational sciences
Kees Boersma & Patrizia Hoyer en Guestlectures
By the end of this lecture, you will
- Have a feeling of following the course at time of COVID-19 (hybride vorm)
- Know why organization and power is a central course
- Gained understanding of theories
- Be able to reflect upon the question ‘what is an organization?’
- Be aware of the need to look at real world events with different perspectives
- Know more about entire course
Voorbeeld: Covid, WHO(rganisation). It confronted us with things we took for granted in
organization. New and enduring organizational patterns.
Voorbeeld: European team, most people you haven’t seen only virtually. Corona affects way
organizations work.
Organizations are everywhere. Sommige zijn bekend geworden door corona, RIVM, ook soms
indirecte organisaties. Auping heeft product mondkapjes gestart. Meevaart buurtorganisatie die eten
kookt.
New businesses emerge by technology and corona, (Gorillas).Zowel online als offline, but old
theories still apply. (Taylor – strict theories on production.)
Organizations = definitions are very wide and different. Many ways to organize it’s really complex
and contrary, but when you see it, you’ll know. No one definition depending on way you approach
organizations and research question. Organization definition depends on theoretical assumptions.
Organization is more a noun (organizing).
(Vb: Dead poets society, he teaching poetry makes it interesting, standing on table, to look from
different perspective)
Objectives of organization and power
- Aims to deepen you knowledge about organization, organizational processes and power
- Sets the stage for researching, analyzing and theorizing processes of organization
- Raises awareness that power in, outside and between organizations is important to
understand how they function, and what role. (power is not straightforward)
- Builds on original texts and their application through the analysis of
classic/contemporary/critical texts.
Organization sciences
- Field is rich (sociology, psychology, economics, history)
- Also discipline in own right, well established
A theory = a set of interrelated constructs, definitions, and propositions that present a systematic
view of phenomena by specifying relations among variable, with purpose of explaining and
predicting. (seen in texts were they test hypotheses)
Grounded theory = can also be created by be in the organization (VU), see what is going on, know
different perspectives. Iterative process. Its rather way of looking at world (paradigm, window).
,Rich fields, so lot of themes (culture, identity, power, conflict, control, decision-making, change)
Practical issues
- Course manual
- Reading list – Handel en articles
- Handel (organizations as systems)
o Rational part 1 en 2 -
o Natural part 3 en 4 – lifeworld perspective
o Open part 7
- Exam – 4 questions, crisis article, theory and application, essay form
Why bother?
- Organizations
o Were spend most of our lives in organizations
o Are able to help solving problems
o Become dominant in our society
o Introduce new perspectives
- Good writing learned and new theory and have impact
- Power
o Are omnipresent in organization
o Social interaction is also power
o Interaction is also power
o Not perse negative or harmful
o It can take different forms
College 2 – Bureaucracy, efficiency & forms of control
Reading questions show what is important.
First step of power dimension
VB: hunger games, control room, wherein everything is watched. Participant are voluntary. What
does it mean to be controlled for participants also in organizations.
By the end of this lecture, you will…
- Know about various forms of control
- Authority based organizations (Weber en Taylor)
- Efficiency driven solutions (big data)
- Surveillance as of form of control
Social control refers to societal, organization mechanisms or processes that regulate individual and
group behavior in an attempt to gain conformity and compliance to rules of given society or
organization. Important because it looks at regulation. In organizations members are free and
voluntary but there is still regulation, you cant do anything.
Forms of control
Hard coercion – formal control: regulation, sanction.
Soft coercion – informal control: socialization, norms and values.
Max weber
- Understand modernity/modernization
- Rationalization of world, from rational point of view (legal systems, capitalism)
, o Authority based organization:
▪ traditional forms (internal loyalty & external arbitrariness, maffia)
▪ charismatic elements (power of person, domination, narcissism, get many
things done, steve jobs)
▪ modern rational-legal systems (formal rationality, bureaucracy, based on
knowledge, rational thinking, same rules for every one)
The legacy of max weber
- not efficiency but rationality is central
- was interested in social theory and ideal type (write down general terms what something is,
prototype, vb: school is something with classes and teacher)
- organizational forms, intended and unintended consequences
- Negative image: the red tape, iron cage and alienation, lot of subunits. But put it in historical
perspective.
Henry Fayol: span of control
- extended idea weber
- inspired French army
Another view on organizations: strive to efficiency
Efficiency = zo snel mogelijk
Efficient = ook doel behalen
Taylor(ism)
Weber was aware of taylor but not vice versa
- scientific management perspective
- organizations that emphasizes organizational design, worker training for efficiency, division
of labor, chains of command
- management was form of engineering, turn them in kind of manual.
- Organize work on rational basis
- Time and motion studies – een beste manier overal implementeren.
- Hawthorne studies – better workcircumstances create higher production critisized because
the fact lightbulbs installed was a form of attention by which they worked harder. So what
are they measuring, the placebo or the real effect?
McGregor (further elaborating on taylor)
Theory X – employees dislike work, are lazy, no responsibility and must be coercive, extrinsic
motivation
Theory Y – employees like work, are creative, seek responsibility, intrinsic motivation.
Taylor and Big Data
- Illustration that it is still alive today
- Lot of data, fast development, wide variety, lot of value
- Data is used to control behavior of employees, and efficiency
- Voorbeeld: Covid 19 dashboard, where information is provided
- Data provides information that can be used for control for example.
Surveillance = systematic monitoring of the behavior, activities or other changing information,
usually of people for purpose of influencing, managing, directing, or protecting them.
- Surveillance mechanisms has always been around.
- Surveillance as form of control
- New development: the raise of dashboards
- Workplace surveillance (Ball)
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