Summary Marketing Communication and the Consumer MSc
Communicatiewetenschap
Content
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,De Pelsmacker, Geuens & Van den Bergh (2013): How marketing
communications work (H3)
Introduction
Factors that have an impact on a consumer’s response to a communications message:
- Consumer goals
- Characteristics of product type
- Situation consumer is in
- Involvement in the product category
- Social, psychological, or cultural factors
Hierarchy-of-effects models
Hierarchy-of-effects models:
- Assumes that things have to happen in a certain order
- Earlier effects form necessary conditions in order for the later effects to occur
- Three different stages consumers go through when responding to marcom:
1. Cognitive (thinking):
Consumers engage in mental processes = lead to awareness and
knowledge of the brand communicated
Consumers become aware and gather information continuously and
effortlessly
2. Affective (feeling):
Emotional or feeling responses occur = associated with the advertised
brand and attitudes towards the brand are formed
Only formed when the need for an evaluation arises
3. Conative (doing):
Undertaking actions with respect to the advertised brand
Low-involvement hierarchy-of-effects model:
- Consumers might buy the product and decide afterwards how they feel about it
- Cognitive conative affective
Experiential hierarchy-of-effects model:
- Consumers’ affective responses towards a product lead them to buy it
- Affective conative cognitive
Foot-Cone-Belding (FCB) grid:
- Four different situations are distinguished (based on two dimensions):
o High-low involvement:
Involvement = the importance people attach to a product or a buying
decision, extent to which one must think it over, level of perceived risk
with an inadequate brand choice
o Think-feel dimension:
Continuum reflecting the extent to which a decision is made on a
cognitive or an affective basis
- Model:
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, Rossiter-Percy grid:
- Alternative to FCB grid
- Classifies products and buying decisions in four categories:
o High-low involvement
o Transformational buying motives:
Positive motivations = sensory gratification, social approval,
intellectual stimulation
Block 2 and 4 from the above model
o Informational buying motives:
Reducing or reversing negative motivations = solving/avoiding a
problem, normal depletion
Block 1 and 3 from the above model
Advantage of hierarchy-of-effects models:
- Incorporate most important contribution = recognition of the importance of brand
awareness
- They consider brand awareness as prerequisite for brand attitude formation
- They correctly assume that affective responses cannot be formed or that a purchase
cannot take place without having an awareness of the brand
Top-of-mind awareness (TOMA):
- Indicates which brand is most salient within a product category
- Reflects the first brand that comes to mind when thinking of a particular product
category
- Top of mind brands = more likely to be purchased
- De meeste bedrijven proberen TOMA te bereiken
Shortcomings of hierarchy-of-effects models:
- Empirical support for the fact that consumers go through each stage is still lacking
o No significant relations have been studies between recall and attitudes
- Hierarchy models do not allow interactions between different stages = is very unlikely
Attitude formation and change
Attitude:
- A person’s overall evaluation of an object, product, person, organization, ad, etc.
- Attitude towards a particular brand (ab):
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