Migratie en de multiculturele samenleving (4014777FNR)
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Samenvatting: Migratie en de multiculturele samenleving
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Migratie en de multiculturele samenleving (4014777FNR)
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Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
Samenvatting van 'Migratie en de multiculturele samenleving' gegeven door P-P. Verhaeghe aan de VUB en de UGent.
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Migratie en de multiculturele samenleving (4014777FNR)
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Migratie & de multiculturele samenleving
Maxime Lermyte 2020-2021
MIGRATIE & DE MULTICULTURELE
SAMENLEVING
SAMENVATTING – MAXIME LERMYTE
2020-2021
Inhoudsopgave
LES 2: MIGRATIEGESCHIEDENIS VAN BELGIË..........................................................................................7
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,Migratie & de multiculturele samenleving
Maxime Lermyte 2020-2021
1. Beknopte migratiegeschiedenis van België........................................................................................7
1.1 Interne migratie en emigratie: begin 20ste eeuw.........................................................................7
1.2 Zuid-Europese migratie.................................................................................................................8
1.2.1 Italiaanse migratie.................................................................................................................8
1.2.2 Spaanse migratie...................................................................................................................9
1.2.3 Griekse migratie...................................................................................................................10
1.2.4 Zuid-Europa: van emigratie naar immigratie-land...............................................................10
1.3 Turkse en Marokkaanse migratie naar België.............................................................................11
1.4 Congolese migratie.....................................................................................................................13
1.5 Oost- en Centraal-Europese migratie.........................................................................................14
1.6 Asielmigratie...............................................................................................................................14
2. De uitdagingen van etniciteit en origine te meten...........................................................................15
3. Wat is de balans van meer dan 50 jaar migratiegeschiedenis?........................................................16
LES 3: OORZAKEN VAN MIGRATIE.........................................................................................................17
1. Initiatie van migratie.........................................................................................................................17
1.1 Geografische theorieën..............................................................................................................17
1.2 Neoklassieke macro theorie.......................................................................................................18
1.3 Neoklassieke micro theorie........................................................................................................18
1.4 New economics of migration......................................................................................................18
1.5 Duale arbeidsmarkt theorie........................................................................................................19
1.6 Wereldsysteemtheorie...............................................................................................................20
2. Verderzetting van migratie...............................................................................................................21
2.1 Sociale netwerk theorie..............................................................................................................21
2.2 Institutionele theorie..................................................................................................................22
2.3 Theorie van cumulatieve causatie..............................................................................................22
GASTCOLLEGE – NAIMA CHARKAOUI – OPENGRENZENMANIFEST.......................................................23
1. Waarom we het moeten hebben over open grenzen…....................................................................23
1.1 Kwestie van rechtvaardigheid.....................................................................................................23
1.2 Kwestie van consequent zijn.......................................................................................................24
2. Open grenzen in de praktijk..............................................................................................................25
2.1 Plan van aanpak..........................................................................................................................25
2.2 Economische effecten: winwinwin.............................................................................................25
LES 4: KLASSIEKE THEORIEËN VAN INTEGRATIE....................................................................................26
1. Wat betekent assimilatie?................................................................................................................26
1.1 Ontstaansgeschiedenis klassieke assimilatietheorie...................................................................26
1.2 Richmond Mayo-Smith...............................................................................................................27
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,Migratie & de multiculturele samenleving
Maxime Lermyte 2020-2021
1.3 Sarah E. Simons...........................................................................................................................27
1.4 Robert E. Park.............................................................................................................................28
2. Klassieke assimilatietheorie volgens de canon.................................................................................29
2.1 Milton Gordon............................................................................................................................30
2.2 American dream.........................................................................................................................31
2.3 Problemen van de klassieke assimilatietheorie..........................................................................31
2.4 Alternatieven voor de klassieke assimilatietheorie.....................................................................32
3. Gesegmenteerde assimilatietheorie.................................................................................................32
3.1 Kern van de gesegmenteerde assimilatietheorie........................................................................33
3.2 Tweede generatie paradox.........................................................................................................33
4. In welke mate gaat de gesegmenteerde assimilatietheorie op voor de Europese samenlevingen?.34
5. Etnische enclave economie..............................................................................................................34
5.1 Voorwaarden..............................................................................................................................35
LES 5: THEORIEËN VAN DISCRIMINATIE EN INTERETNISCHE RELATIES.................................................36
1. Wat is discriminatie?........................................................................................................................36
1.1 Drieledig onderscheid.................................................................................................................36
1.2 Wat is discriminatie?..................................................................................................................37
1.3 Everyday racism..........................................................................................................................37
2. Discriminatie aantonen.....................................................................................................................38
2.1 Hoe discriminatie bewijzen?.......................................................................................................38
3. Discriminatie verklaren.....................................................................................................................38
3.1 Economische theorieën..............................................................................................................38
3.2 Sociale identiteitstheorie............................................................................................................39
3.3 Sociaalpsychologische theorieën................................................................................................40
3.4 Implicit attitudes studies.............................................................................................................40
4. Discriminatie tegengaan...................................................................................................................41
4.1 Intergroep contact theorie.........................................................................................................41
4.1.1 Problemen...........................................................................................................................41
4.1.2 Pettigrew: proces op de lange termijn.....................................................................................42
4.2 Contactmogelijkheden................................................................................................................42
4.3 Praktijktesten..............................................................................................................................43
LES 6: HET EUROPESE ZELFBEELD EN DE KOLONIALE GESCHIEDENIS...................................................43
1. Conceptuele verduidelijking.............................................................................................................43
1.1 Het cultureel archief en oriëntalisme.........................................................................................44
1.2 Het culturele archief...................................................................................................................45
2. Het Europese zelfbeeld en de etnische grenzen...............................................................................45
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, Migratie & de multiculturele samenleving
Maxime Lermyte 2020-2021
2.1 Het Nederlandse zelfbeeld en de paradox..................................................................................45
2.2 Occidentalisme...........................................................................................................................46
2.3 Etnische grenzen theorie............................................................................................................46
LES 7: SOCIAALECONOMISCHE POSITIES VAN ETNISCH-CULTURELE MINDERHEDEN...........................48
1. Dualisering van de arbeidsmarkt......................................................................................................48
2. Sociaaleconomische etnostratificatie...............................................................................................48
2.1 Verklaring...................................................................................................................................49
2.2 Twee alternatieven.....................................................................................................................50
2.2.1 Etnische enclave economie..................................................................................................50
2.2.2 Split labour markets.............................................................................................................50
3. Vrij verkeer van goederen, diensten en personen............................................................................51
LES 8: RELIGIEUZE PRAKTIJKEN IN EEN MULTICULTURELE, SECULIERE SAMENLEVING........................53
1. Onderzoek naar religieuze praktijken in Europa...............................................................................53
2. Cultural turn.................................................................................................................................54
2.1 Religiositeit van migranten.........................................................................................................54
2.2 Intergenerationele verschillen....................................................................................................55
3. Liberaal idee van staatsneutraliteit..................................................................................................56
3.1 Scheiding tussen kerk en staat....................................................................................................57
3.1.1 Actieve staatssteun in België...................................................................................................58
3.2 Secularisering van religies...........................................................................................................58
LES 9: ETNISCHE RESIDENTIËLE SEGREGATIE ALS INDICATOR VAN INTEGRATIE...................................58
1. Theorieën van ruimtelijke (etnische) segregatie...............................................................................59
1.1 Ecologische theorie van de Chicago School................................................................................59
1.2 Ruimtelijke assimilatietheorie....................................................................................................60
1.3 Etnische enclave theorie.............................................................................................................60
1.4 Etnische homofilie theorie..........................................................................................................61
1.5 Plaats-stratificatie theorie..........................................................................................................61
1.6 Overzicht.....................................................................................................................................62
2. Residentiële segregatiepatronen......................................................................................................62
3. Zijn er getto’s in Europa?..................................................................................................................64
3.1 Kenmerken getto’s......................................................................................................................64
3.2 Hypergetto’s...............................................................................................................................65
3.3 Anti-getto’s.................................................................................................................................65
LES 10: INTRA- EN INTERETNISCHE HUWELIJKSPATRONEN..................................................................66
1. Inter-etnische lokale huwelijken.......................................................................................................66
1.1 Theorie van voorkeuren, structuren en derde partijen..............................................................66
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