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BIOS256 Final Exam Study Guide (Latest - 2021) / BIOS 256 Final Exam Review: Anatomy & Physiology IV with Lab: Chamberlain College of Nursing $15.49   Add to cart

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BIOS256 Final Exam Study Guide (Latest - 2021) / BIOS 256 Final Exam Review: Anatomy & Physiology IV with Lab: Chamberlain College of Nursing

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BIOS256 Final Exam Study Guide (Latest - 2021) / BIOS 256 Final Exam Review: Anatomy & Physiology IV with Lab: Chamberlain College of Nursing BIOS256 A & P IV Final Exam Study Guide (Latest - 2021) / BIOS 256 A & P IV Final Exam Review: Chamberlain College of Nursing

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  • October 21, 2021
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BIOS256 Final Exam Review
Ch.24
Villi
 Fingerlike projections of the mucosa of the small intestines aid in absorption
 Microvilli enhance the absorption effectiveness of the small intestines by increasing the
surface area
Pancreas and Biliary Tree
 The main pancreatic duct and common bile duct join and empty into the duodenum
Liver and Gallbladder
 The liver makes bile
o Aids in digestion
o Made up of water, bile salts, bile pigments
o Bile salts play a role in emulsification
 Breakdown of large lipid globules into small lipids
 The gallbladder stores bile until it is needed.
Pancreas
 Exocrine (digestion)
o Exocrine cells arranged in clusters called acini
o Acini produces digestive enzymes
 Endocrine (hormone)
o Pancreatic islets
o Each islet includes hormone secreting cells
 Alpha secrete glucagon
 Beta secrete insulin
Absorptive state- hormonal regulation in the absorptive state
 The effects of insulin dominate in the absorptive state. Anabolic hormone. It makes
things.
 Insulin also helps get rid of glucose in blood.

, Ch. 25


Summary of Cellular respiration
 Cellular respiration will generate either 30 or 32 ATP molecules for each molecule of
glucose catabolized.
 Forms 6 water molecules.
Summary of Principle reactions
 Glycolysis, krebs cycle, and especially ETC provide all ATP for cellular activities
 Krebs and ETC are aerobic processes
 ETC occurs within inner mitochondrial membrane
 Glucose is converted into pyruvic acid. If oxygen  acetyl coAkrebs cycle makes NADH
AND FADH2
 ETC makes 28 or 26 ATP.


Ch. 26
Water Reabsorption
 Obligatory water reabsorption- 90%
o Water follows the solutes that are reabsorbed
o Mostly in proximal convoluted tubules.
 Facultative water reabsorption- final 10%
o Occurs in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts
o Regulated by ADH
 Low adh- large volume of dilute urine
 High adh- small amount of concentrated urine
Filtrate passes from glomerular capsule to the renal tubule
o Filtration occurs in glomerulus.
o The largest amount of solutes and water reabsorption occur in the proximal convoluted
tubules.
o Pic on page 14

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