,Learning objectives:
1. Define the terms anatomy and physiology
2. Be aware of different levels of organization
3. Use anatomical terms to describe areas, parts, and
relative position of the human body
4. Identify the most important bodily cavities and describe
the function
Anatomy: studying the structure of the body
- Macroscopic to microscopic
- Clinical anatomy
- Anatomical embryology
Physiology: studying bodily functions
- Genetics
- Biochemistry
- Biology
Lecture 1: anatomy of the heart
Position of the heart
- The apex (lowest point) lies between ribs 4
and 5 on the left side
- The major vessels are in the middle of the
ribcage
- Sternal angel (between rib 1 and 2 on the
sternum)
- 5th intercostal space next to the sternum on
the right
- 5th intercostal space midclavicular on the left.
Mediastinum
- The space between the left and right pleural cavity.
There is a superior (yellow) and inferior part, which
2
, consists of three parts. Front, middle back. The heart is part of the middle
mediastinum.
o Anterior mediastinum (green)
o Middle mediastinum (blue)
o Posterior mediastinum (pink)
Superior mediastinum
- Nerves
o Vagal nerves (from the brain down to the aorta, the lungs, and down to the
stomach and beyond). Helps with digestion and lowering the hearth rate.
o Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
o Phrenic nerves (from the neck to the diaphragm)
o Sympathetic trunk
- Thoracic duct
o Lymph drainage
- Thymus (anterior mediastinum)
o Lymphoid tissue
o Regression
- Trachea
Anterior mediastinum
- Vessels
o Aa. And vv. Throcacicae internae (can be handy to use during a bypass
surgery.)
Mediastinum posterius
- Vessels
- Esophagus
- Thoracic duct
- Vagal nerves
- Sympathic trunk
- No trachea, which is present in the superior mediastinum. The trachea branches into
bronchi at the sternal
angle.
The pericardial cavity
The pericardial cavity is enclosed by the
pericardium (or pericardial sac). There are two
types of pericardia:
3
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Xjoelleboone. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.81. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.