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lOMoARcPSD|6106013Notes Research Design 20.11.17
Research Design (University of Glasgow)
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Research Design: Ethics. 20.11.2017
Ethics and Research Design:
Dealing with ‘a logical problem not a logistical problem’: is ethics a logical or logistical
problem? Depending on circumstances, it can be both. An ethics proposal might seem
largely logistical, but often the decisions involved about protecting participants etc are logic-
based.
Ethics is not a unified thing – it is more of an emotive thing. By no means objective – people
can take very different stances of what is allowed and what is not allowed.
Different stances:
Universalism:
Ethical principles should never by broken. This is hard to swallow because in most research
you are breaking some ethical principles, even if it is minor ones, and only slightly.
Situational Ethics/Principles Relativism:
If we want to know anything about the world, then we’ll need to break some rules some
times. Decisions would be taken on a case-by-case basis, depending on whether the
research was justified by the ends.
Ethical Transgression is pervasive:
Assumes that some breaches of ethical principles are widespread. But some violations are
relative (when does something become ‘deception’, and how do you balance deception and
avoiding participant bias?). Thus decision making needs to be flexible.
Anything goes:
Ethical principles don’t matter in social research, so many other things we do in life are so
much worse, and so the deceptions etc are trivial.
Deontological Ethics:
Some principles are universal: some things are wrong in and of themselves (for instance,
informed consent).
Consequentialist Ethics:
Something is only bad if its consequences are bad.
For instance, covert observation can be wrong because it may be harmful to reputation of
the study/researcher.
Transgression of ethical principles:
We need to differentiate between breaching principles in reference to study participants or
in relation to the audience (i.e., how we do the research or how we use it).
Four principles:
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