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Samenvatting biologie (BvJ) - Thema 1 'Regeling' (5 VWO)
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Dit is een samenvatting van Thema 1 'Regeling' uit het boek BvJ (5 VWO)
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1.1 - Regeling en homeostaseHomeostase en regelkringen
• Homeostase: in stand houden v dynamisch evenwicht in inwendige milieu (bloed +
weefselvloeistof) v organismen.
o Is een voorbeeld v zelfregulatie op het organisatieniveau ‘organisme’.
o Homeostase in meercellige organismen:
§ Meeste cellen omgeven door andere cellen → geen direct contact met
uitwendig milieu (omgeving, incl. inhoud darmen, longen en blaas).
§ Communicatie tussen cellen met signaalmoleculen (hormonen,
neurotransmitters).
• Regelkring: systeem dat bepaalde normwaarden handhaaft rondom een dynamisch
evenwicht; bestaat uit:
o Sensor (receptor): neemt verandering v/d normwaarde waar.
o Controlecentrum: vergelijkt de sensor-info met de normwaarde. Bij afwijkingen kan
een verwerkingseenheid (bv. hypothalamus) direct of indirect een effector
activeren.
o Effector: bestaat uit 1 of meer spieren/(hormoon)klieren, die de afwijking v/d
normwaarde herstellen.
• Negatieve terugkoppeling/feedback: toename v resultaat remt het proces; afname v
resultaat stimuleert het proces.
o Bv. Productie v EPO.
• Positieve terugkoppeling/feedback: toename v resultaat versterkt het proces.
o Bv. Versterkt broeikaseffect.
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