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Summary Globalization: A Short History
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Summary of literature for Globalization.
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Globalization: A Short HistoryH1. Circumnavigating a Term
- dichotomy: the world is becoming smaller by linkage and larger by broadening our
horizons.
- globalization challenges the nation-state and alters the balance of power between
states and markets
- cultural globalization tend to defend the local uniqueness, individuality and identity
- glocalization: global trends always influence local communities
- globalization as the space-time compression
H2. The Dimensions of Globalization
- world history: the study of connections between communities and between
communities and their environments (internal relations)
- global history: the history of contacts and interactions between civilizations
- Wallerstein's Analytical Method
1. scale of levels from world system to household
2. incorporation of external areas expanding the capitalist world
economy
3. the hybrid term semi-periphery
- Network analysis requires a certain degree of longevity and institutional
reinforcement (social organization)
- Only in a world of transactions, do interactions grow into networks, structures of
systems (Burton)
H3. The Development and Establishment of Worldwide Connections until 1750
- forms of integration
1. smaller political units swallowed up by larger entities characterized by a
hierarchy of rule, a military apparatus and the claim that the empire was the
center of all known civilization
2. the religious ecunemene as ideological cohesion (e.g. China)
3. long-distance trade
4. the mass migration of populations
- Reasons for periodization of the beginning of modern history (1500)
1. there is less importance of the journey of Vasco de Gama, because of the
earlier economic contacts
2. empire-building of the islamic world
3. creating new political networks in the New World wherein the seventeenth
century societies crossed the threshold to irreversible stability
4. the introduction of new life forms Europeans brought with them to America
5. the innovation of literacy around 1500
- However autarky was a natural state for developed regions like Japan and China
- Period characterized by polycentrism
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