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Samenvatting / lesnota's Gender en Diversiteitsstudies
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Gender- en diversiteitsstudies
, INHOUDSOPGAVE
INLEIDING............................................................................................................................................ 6
Evaluatie ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Deel 1: Gender & feministische theorie ............................................................................................. 7
Inleiding: ontstaan en impact van vrouwen- en genderstudies ................................................. 7
Gender? ......................................................................................................................................... 7
Genderstudies ............................................................................................................................... 7
Vrouwen- en genderstudies als academische discipline ........................................................ 8
Androcentrische kennis ................................................................................................................ 8
Vrouwenstudies ............................................................................................................................. 8
Genderstudies: uitgangspunten .................................................................................................. 9
Genderstudies vandaag .............................................................................................................. 9
Genderstudies onder vuur.......................................................................................................... 10
Vrouwen- en genderstudies in België ....................................................................................... 10
Sleutelconcepten & historiek ......................................................................................................... 11
Feminisme..................................................................................................................................... 11
Ontstaan? ................................................................................................................................ 11
Betekenis? ................................................................................................................................ 11
Idee + (transnationale) beweging ........................................................................................ 11
Waarom? ................................................................................................................................. 12
Meer dan striven naar gelijke rechten.................................................................................. 12
Van alle tijden?........................................................................................................................ 13
Van alle plaatsen? .................................................................................................................. 13
Thema’s in feministisch onderzoek ........................................................................................ 14
Onderscheid sekse/gender ....................................................................................................... 15
Sekse versus gender ................................................................................................................ 15
Gender als sociale constructie .............................................................................................. 15
Kritiek op ‘seks role theorists’ .................................................................................................. 16
Gender is hiërarchisch ............................................................................................................ 16
Gelaagdheid van gender ..................................................................................................... 17
Verklaringen? ........................................................................................................................... 17
Gender is aangeleerd ............................................................................................................ 18
Doing gender........................................................................................................................... 18
Sekse als constructie? ............................................................................................................. 18
Dimensies van gender ............................................................................................................ 19
Patriarchaat, seks/gender systeem .......................................................................................... 20
Patriarchaat: van alle tijden? ................................................................................................ 20
Sex/gender systeem ............................................................................................................... 21
Samenvatting .............................................................................................................................. 21
Stromingen, grondleggers en thema’s ......................................................................................... 22
1. Voorlopers ............................................................................................................................ 22
Proto-feminisme ....................................................................................................................... 22
Misogyn canon ........................................................................................................................ 23
Van alle tijden?........................................................................................................................ 23
Vroegfeminisme ...................................................................................................................... 24
Humanistische filosofes ........................................................................................................... 24
Gelijkheid van geest? ............................................................................................................. 25
The man of reason… ........................................................................................................... 25
Gelijkheid van geest ............................................................................................................... 26
Paradoxale erfenis: gelijkheid/verschil ................................................................................. 26
1
, Complementariteit & wetenschap ....................................................................................... 27
Feministische mijlpaal ............................................................................................................. 28
Het verschildenken van Josephine Butler ............................................................................ 28
Only paradoxes to offer? ....................................................................................................... 29
2. Stromingen & thema’s ........................................................................................................ 29
2.1 Liberaal feminisme ............................................................................................................ 29
Inspiratie: revolutionaire gelijkheid .................................................................................... 29
Marxistisch/socialistisch feminisme ........................................................................................ 33
Marxisme en feminisme? .................................................................................................... 33
Friederich Engels: “De oorsprong van het gezin, de private eigendom en de staat”
(1884) .................................................................................................................................... 34
Alexandra kollontai: feminisme onder het communisme .............................................. 34
Een moeilijk huwelijk ............................................................................................................ 35
Actuele analyses en thema’s ............................................................................................ 35
2.3 De Beauvoir: de vrouw als ‘ander’ & differentiefeminisme ......................................... 36
Een existentialistisch perspectief ....................................................................................... 36
‘lutter collectiviment, mais vivre individuellement’ ......................................................... 36
Franse differentiefeminisme ............................................................................................... 37
Hélène Cixous ...................................................................................................................... 37
Luce Irigaray ........................................................................................................................ 37
2.4 Radicaal feminisme .......................................................................................................... 38
Patriarchaat als basis .......................................................................................................... 38
Libertair en cultureel ........................................................................................................... 39
De ‘sex wars’: pornografie en prostitutie .......................................................................... 39
Objectivering en geweld ................................................................................................... 39
Abortus en anticonceptie .................................................................................................. 40
Strijd voor abortus en anticonceptie in België ................................................................. 40
Abortuswet ........................................................................................................................... 41
Zorg en moederschap ........................................................................................................ 41
Moederschap als onderdrukkend instituut… ................................................................... 41
Mothering & motherhood .................................................................................................. 42
Feminisme en diversiteit ...................................................................................................... 42
Lesbianisme .......................................................................................................................... 43
Black/Chicana feminism .................................................................................................... 43
Tot besluit ...................................................................................................................................... 43
Intersectionaliteit ............................................................................................................................. 44
Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................ 44
Wat is intersectionaliteit? ............................................................................................................ 44
Context en achtergrond ........................................................................................................ 45
Voorlopers ................................................................................................................................ 45
Ain’t I a woman? ..................................................................................................................... 46
The combahee river collective statement, 1977 ................................................................. 46
Patricia Hill Collins: the matrix of domination ....................................................................... 47
Intersectionele onzichtbaarheid en antidiscriminatiebeleid ................................................. 48
Intersectionaliteit als kruispunt ............................................................................................... 49
Intersectionele onzichtbaarheid ........................................................................................... 49
Intersectionele onzichtbaarheid en antidiscriminatie ........................................................ 50
Intersectionaliteit: uitgangspunten ........................................................................................... 50
1. Privilege en onderdrukking............................................................................................. 50
2. Analyse van macht ......................................................................................................... 51
3. Standpuntdenken en “subjugated knowledge”......................................................... 51
4. Coalitioneel - verwevenheid van deelstrijden ............................................................. 52
5. Activistisch en emancipatorisch .................................................................................... 52
2
, Impact op feministische theorie – beweging .......................................................................... 53
beperkingen en kritiek ............................................................................................................ 53
Deel 2: Multiculturalisme, superdiversiteit, racisme en discriminatie ........................................... 54
“Ras”, religie en etniciteit – historiek van racisme(n) .................................................................. 54
Intro: Zijn er nog racisten? .......................................................................................................... 54
Reële achterstelling ................................................................................................................ 54
Wat is racisme? Wat is ‘ras’? .................................................................................................. 55
Historiek van ‘ras’ en racisme .................................................................................................... 58
Voorlopers? .............................................................................................................................. 58
Proto-racisme in de Middeleeuwen ..................................................................................... 58
1492: religie en menselijkheid................................................................................................. 59
Zijn de inheemsen mensen? .................................................................................................. 59
De ambiguë erfenis van de verlichting ................................................................................ 60
Sociaal Darwinisme en eugenetica ...................................................................................... 62
Nieuw racisme? ........................................................................................................................... 63
Racisme zonder ras ................................................................................................................. 63
Racisme zonder racisten ........................................................................................................ 65
Racisme zonder racisme ........................................................................................................ 65
Hoe racism begrijpen? ........................................................................................................... 65
Conclusie...................................................................................................................................... 66
Theorieën van multiculturalisme en superdiversiteit.................................................................... 67
Multiculturalisme .......................................................................................................................... 67
Uitgangspunten & de multiculturele paradox ..................................................................... 67
Uitgangspunten ................................................................................................................... 67
De multiculturele Paradox .................................................................................................. 69
Feministische kritiek: ‘Is multiculturalism bad for women?’– Susan Okin ........................... 69
De dialogische benaderingen van Anne Phillips & Monique Deveaux ........................... 71
‘The retreat from multiculturalism’ ......................................................................................... 74
Is multiculturalisme dood? ...................................................................................................... 74
Ondertussen in Vlaanderen… ........................................................................................... 75
Van multiculturalisme naar happy diversity? ........................................................................... 75
De shift naar superdiversiteit .................................................................................................. 76
VERTOVEC – SUPERDIVERSITY (2007) .................................................................................. 76
DIVERSITEIT = DEPOLITISERING? ........................................................................................... 76
Case: Diversiteit in het hoger onderwijs ................................................................................ 77
Nieuwe stemmen: “Decolonize the university” ................................................................... 78
Conclusie...................................................................................................................................... 79
Deel 3: Queer & sexuality studies ..................................................................................................... 81
Inleiding Queer Studies – representatie en beeldvorming ......................................................... 81
LGBTQI+ studies: uitgangspunten – thema’s ............................................................................ 81
Queer theorie .......................................................................................................................... 81
Foucault: macht, kennis, taal ................................................................................................ 81
Seksualiteit als discours ........................................................................................................... 82
Sekse en seksualiteit ................................................................................................................ 82
Performativiteit van gender ................................................................................................... 83
‘Performing gender’................................................................................................................ 83
Sekse als constructie ............................................................................................................... 84
Een Westers model .................................................................................................................. 84
Vijf seksen? ............................................................................................................................... 84
The Genderbread Person ....................................................................................................... 85
Queer Theory: uitgangspunten.............................................................................................. 87
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