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Modelo de oferta y demanda
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Es una ejemplo de la oferta y la demanda
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CasoModelo básico de oferta y demanda
En la ciudad de Tonalá, Jalisco, se observó un mercado de productos de papas donde hay
un grupo de consumidores que demandan el producto y unos cuantos productores que lo
ofrecen; en la observación se encontró la siguiente información:
Precio (P) por bolsita de papas: 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 y 35 en 6 momentos diferentes.
Para desarrollar este caso recuerda las expresiones matemáticas:
Función de la Cantidad Demandada: Qd = a – b * P
Función de la Cantidad Ofrecida: Qs = c + d * P
Aplicando la expresión matemática a la microeconomía haremos la sustitución del
intercepto (a y c que corresponde a un punto del eje de las y) y de b y d que son las
pendientes de las curvas, quedando de esta manera
Función de la Cantidad Demandada original está dada por: Qd = 100 – 1 * P
Función de la Cantidad Ofrecida está dada por: Qs = 50 + 1 * P
1. Sustituye los valores de P y completa la información de la tabla “Equilibrio básico de
mercado”.
Precio Qd Qs Excedente Faltante
10 90 60 30 QD 30 QS
15 85 65 20 QD 20 QS
20 80 70 10 QD 10 QS
25 75 75 0 0
30 70 80 10 QS 10 QD
35 65 85 20 QS 20 QD
2. Determina el precio y la cantidad de equilibrio mediante la igualación de funciones.
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